Systems and methods of beacon broadcasts with range of relevance

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein is a system that provides location and information communication including a beacon, wherein the beacon transmits both information and data related to the beacon&#39;s relevant range and a receiving device, wherein the receiving device determines whether the transmitted information is relevant based on the received signal strength and the transmitted data related to relevant range.

CLAIM TO PRIORITY

This application claims the benefit of the following applications, eachof which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety: U.S. Ser.No. 62/393,238, filed Sep. 12, 2016 and U.S. Ser. No. 62/412,156, filedOct. 24, 2016.

CROSS REFERENCE TO OTHER APPLICATIONS

This application is related to the following co-owned U.S. patentapplications, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in itsentirety: U.S. Ser. No. 15/491,311, entitled “Worker Safety System”,filed Apr. 19, 2017; and U.S. Ser. No. 15/665,034, entitled “COMBUSTIBLEGAS SENSING ELEMENT WITH CANTILEVER SUPPORT”, filed Jul. 31, 2017.

BACKGROUND Field

The invention relates to the art of location and information transmittaland more particularly to a system of smart asset tags and data foragingdevices designed to interact in challenging environments, including butnot limited to an industrial environment, without the need for remoteaccess to a server for additional data or processing.

Description of the Related Art

There are many situations where knowing the location of an asset (e.g. aperson, piece of equipment, material and the like) is important but theenvironment presents challenges. For example, industrial environmentsmay be large, indoor facilities constructed of metal and filled withvarious pieces of equipment or underground facilities with hazardousatmospheric environments. Further, industrial environments may includehigh levels of radio frequency noise due to equipment, furtherinhibiting signal reception. These types of environments may bechallenging for typical positioning systems such as the satellite basedGlobal Positioning Systems (GPS) as reception of satellite signals maybe inhibited by the structure of the building or other environmentalshielding. Cell phone based systems may use triangulation based on cellphone signal strength and direction as received by at least three cellphone towers. However, these systems suffer from some of the samedrawbacks in terms of efficacy in an indoor environment.

Further, while these solutions may provide a somewhat accurate positionoutdoors on a map, remote positioning systems such as the cell phonesystem have no insight into the interior layout of the industrialfacility and may only provide latitude and longitude rather than insightinto an asset's location within a facility. This may necessitate anextra step requiring those wanting to take action based on locationinformation to reference a map or database to convert latitude andlongitude to an actionable location, such as “Building 1.”

There are existing solutions for interior spaces based on triangulationor trilateration of signal strength using Wi-Fi access points or otherRF based references. While this description refers to Wi-Fi accesspoints, it should be understood that other RF-based references may beused. The use of triangulation/trilateration may be effective and,depending on the density and distribution of the Wi-Fi access points,may achieve high levels of accuracy. However, there may be disadvantagesto this solution. To achieve high levels of accuracy, Wi-Fi accesspoints must be densely distributed across a space. For example, toachieve accuracy of approximately +/−20 feet, the Wi-Fi access pointsmust be positioned about every 50 feet. Each Wi-Fi access point mayrequire wired infrastructure such as a power source, an internet cableand the like. Thus, installation may be expensive, particularly inindustrial environments where power drops may need to be installed foreach access point. For similar reasons of density and expense, RSSIfingerprinting is not preferred.

Moreover, the level of positional accuracy needed or desired may not beuniform throughout the space of interest. For the majority of a space,it may be sufficient to simply locate an asset as being present withinthe space. For example, industrial facilities such as manufacturingareas may be open areas where visibility is high and knowing whichmanufacturing area to look in for something may be sufficientinformation. However, for some portion of a space, such as an enclosedportion of the space, a high-security area, in proximity to hazardousequipment and materials and the like, a high degree of accuracy may bedesired. The specificity of location information required can thus varyacross the space based on interior features of the space. For thisscenario, in addition to being expensive to install and run, a densenetwork of Wi-Fi access points may be overly precise in some areas ofthe space and insufficiently precise in others.

An emerging approach for high accuracy in both interior and exteriorspaces is the use of beacons. However, for many of the existing beaconprotocols, such as iBeacon, EddyStone, AltBeacon and the like, theprotocol relies on a remote server to provide context for the beacon.The beacon signal may provide limited information such as a unique useridentification (UUID) or URL and a power level at 1 meter. In order todetermine whether any action is required, a receiving device calculatesthe distance between the receiving device and the beacon using receivedpower vs. power at one meter and then transmits the UUID and distance toan external, possibly off-site, server to understand the context forthat beacon and whether it is relevant for the receiver at its currentlocation. Also, the system relies on the server to indicate what, ifany, action may be required.

For example, a beacon may be positioned near a retail display. If areceiving device, such as a mobile phone, receives the beacon's signal,it sends the beacon's UUID to a remote server, such as a cloud-basedserver. The receiving device may calculate the distance between thereceiving device and the beacon and transmit that distance together withthe UUID. In other instances, the receiving device may transmit thereceived signal strength (RSSI) or similar signal strength indicator tothe remote server, which may calculate the distance between the beaconand the receiving device. Once the remote server knows the UUID and thedistance, it may, if the mobile phone is sufficiently close to thebeacon and retail display (within two feet in this example), transmit acoupon to the mobile device. However, if there is a disruption incommunication with the remote server, the system may not function asintended as the receiving device itself does not know how to respond toany particular UUID. Thus, for environments without connectivity to aremote server, this system has limited utility other than possibly forlogging the UUIDs.

There remains an ongoing need for a low cost, low power location andinformation system capable of supporting multiple levels of locationspecificity and operable without the need of a remote server.

There are many situations where knowing the location and status of anasset (e.g. a piece of equipment, personal protective equipment (PPEs),material and the like) is important. Historically, inventory was countedby hand, providing information such as the total quantity of an asset ina given location at a given time. However, there was no good way totrack differences in status (e.g. user, maintenance due, and the like)across the counted inventory or to know the location at other times.

More recently, bar code tags have been used to simplify the tracking ofassets. For each asset to be tracked, a barcode label with a uniqueidentifier is attached to the asset. On a remote system, there may be adatabase associating each unique identifier with information about theasset such as when it was purchased, when maintenance is due, and thelike. During an inventory survey, each individual asset tag may bemanually scanned using a barcode scanner, and the unique identifieruploaded to the data management system. The system may provide theindividual who scanned the tag with information such as a description ofthe item, when it was purchased, when it is due for maintenance,instructions on the asset's use and the like. However, specializedequipment is required to print barcode labels and the barcode label'smay become smudged or obscured in some environments. In those cases thebar code label would have to be reprinted and reapplied. To overcomesome of the deficiencies of barcode labels, there are systems beingdeveloped that use RFID tags or near field communication (NFC) tags in afashion similar to barcode tags. The system works in a similar way wherethe tag provides a unique identifier, which may be read using anappropriate reader and the unique identifier used to look upcorresponding information. However, these methods still require thateach asset be individually handled and scanned to read the uniqueidentifier. Further, if there is a change in the status of an asset, forexample a helmet is hit, there is no way to know that the helmet hasbeen impacted and may need to be replaced. There is no automatic way ofupdating the material on the remote asset management system with the newinformation. Alternatively, if an asset needs to be recalled all piecesmust be scanned to identify the recalled asset.

In some high-end pieces of equipment, there may be some data loggingdone which is uploaded to an asset management system periodically. Forexample, a gas detector may record measured gas levels throughout ashift and then upload the logged data when the equipment is docked atthe end of the shift. Other equipment may measure body temperature,noise levels, heat stress, and the like. However, for these systems,there is still the necessity for an individual to initiate extraction ofthe information such as placing the item in a dock or initiating an NFCtransfer of data. Until that is done, there is no way of knowing that ifthe status of a device has changed. Some high-end equipment may havelimited 2-way communication built into the equipment that allows it todirectly communicate with the cloud. The Self Contained BreathingApparatus (SCBA) equipment is one such example. However, such a schememay not be viable for lower cost assets such as helmets, harnesses etc.where the cost for dedicated connectivity to the cloud may be tooexpensive.

There remains an ongoing need for a low cost, low overhead assetmanagement system that is capable of providing tracking of items,without the need for individual initiated interactions with each assetto be tracked or extensive new infrastructure.

All documents mentioned herein are hereby incorporated in their entiretyby reference. References to items in the singular should be understoodto include items in the plural, and vice versa, unless explicitly statedotherwise or clear from the text. Grammatical conjunctions are intendedto express any and all disjunctive and conjunctive combinations ofconjoined clauses, sentences, words, and the like, unless otherwisestated or clear from the context.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includea plurality of beacons, wherein each beacon broadcasts a messageincluding informational data and data regarding a range of relevance,where each beacon may include a transmitter, a processor, a memory and apower source and wherein when a receiving device determines it is withinthe range of relevance broadcasted by the beacon, it attends to theinformational data. Data regarding the range of relevance may include anindication of a minimum received signal strength. The minimum receivedsignal strength may include a received signal strength indicator (RSSI)or a received channel power indicator (RCPI). The determination ofwhether the receiving device is within the range of relevance isdetermined locally by the receiving device. At least one of theplurality of beacons may also include a sensor or an input port forsensor data. The informational data may include the sensor data. The atleast one of the plurality of beacons alters the informational databased on the sensor data. The receiving device is a mobile device. Eachbeacon is associated with one of a fixed location, a mobile asset or asecond receiving device in the same location. Each beacon may broadcastcontinuously, periodically, or on a schedule. The plurality of beaconsmay broadcast with a mix of periodic and scheduled broadcasts. Eachbeacon may broadcast at least two messages sequentially. The at leasttwo messages may have different ranges of relevance. Each beacon maybroadcast multiple informational data in a sequence. The receivingdevice may further include an indicator, such as a light, a speaker oran actuator. Each beacon may be mobile and broadcasts user informationincluding one of user name, user identification, user authorization oruser safety equipment. The beacon may be updated using a mobile devicehaving an NFC or a BLE capability. At least one of the plurality ofbeacons may also include a protective enclosure providing protectionfrom dust or water. The protective enclosure may be intrinsically safe.

The present disclosure describes a beacon, the beacon according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includea transmitter adapted to broadcast a message including informationaldata and data regarding a range of relevance and a memory, wherein whena receiving device determines it is within the range of relevancebroadcast by the beacon, it attends to the informational data broadcastby the beacon. The beacon may be associated with a real-time sign andthe message relates to information presented by the real-time sign.

The present disclosure describes a method, the method according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includereceiving a beacon broadcast resulting in a received beacon broadcast,wherein the beacon broadcast may include a range of relevance andinformational data, determining a strength of the received beaconbroadcast, comparing the range of relevance with the strength of thereceived beacon broadcast and identifying the beacon broadcast asrelevant if the strength of the received beacon broadcast exceeds therange of relevance. A further embodiment of any of the foregoingembodiments of the present disclosure may also include averagingdetermined strength for a plurality of received beacon broadcasts from aparticular beacon for comparison with the range of relevance. The rangeof relevance may include an indication of minimum received signalstrength. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments ofthe present disclosure may include situations wherein the indication ofminimum received signal strength may be a received signal strengthindicator (RSSI) or a received channel power indicator (RCPI).

The present disclosure describes a method, the method according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includereceiving a plurality of beacon broadcasts, resulting in a plurality ofreceived beacon broadcasts, wherein each beacon broadcast may include arange of relevance and informational data, determining a strength ofeach received beacon broadcast of the plurality of beacon broadcasts,comparing the range of relevance with the strength of each receivedbeacon broadcast of the plurality of received beacon broadcasts, foreach received beacon broadcast of the plurality of beacon broadcasts,identifying the received beacon broadcast as relevant if the strength ofthe received beacon broadcast exceeds the range of relevance andprioritizing the relevant received beacon broadcasts based on the rangeof relevance. Received beacon broadcasts having a smaller range ofrelevance may be more highly prioritized than received beacon broadcastshaving a relatively larger range of relevance. The range of relevancemay include an indication of minimum received signal strength. Theindication of minimum received signal strength may be a received signalstrength indicator (RSSI) or a received channel power indicator (RCPI).

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includeat least one receiving device, the receiving device can include areceiver adapted to receive a beacon broadcast from one or more of aplurality of beacons, resulting in one or more received beaconbroadcasts, a processor, a memory and a smart beacon application,wherein, for each received beacon broadcast which includes informationaldata and data regarding a range of relevance for that beacon, the smartbeacon application: 1) determines whether the beacon is relevant bycomparing a strength of the received beacon broadcast to the range ofrelevance in the beacon broadcast, and 2) creates a list of relevantbeacons. The at least one receiving device may be one of a laptop, asmart phone or a tablet. The at least one receiving device may be asmart identification badge. The at least one receiving device may alsoinclude a piece of personal protective equipment. The at least onereceiving device may be one of a hearing protection, an eye protection,a protective footwear, a gas mask, a respirator, a harness, a lightingdevice, an exposure tracker, a hardhat, or a fall arrest device, or atool, a saw, a gas sensor, a portable environmental sensing device, agas detection instrument, a thermal detector, a flame detector, achemical, biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE)detector, a chemical detection instrument, or an industrial monitoringequipment. If a broadcast from a beacon on the list of relevant beaconsis not received over a predetermined number of scans, the beacon may beremoved from the list of relevant beacons. If a beacon on the list ofrelevant beacons is determined to not be relevant for a predeterminednumber of consecutive scans, it may be removed from the list of relevantbeacons. A beacon must be determined to be relevant for a predeterminednumber of consecutive scans to be added to the list of relevant beacons.The at least one receiving device may be in electronic communicationwith one of a sensor, a piece of equipment, a smart identificationbadge, or a remote server.

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can at leastone receiving device, where the receiving device can include a receiveradapted to receive a beacon broadcast from one or more of a plurality ofbeacons, resulting in one or more received beacon broadcasts, aprocessor, a memory and a smart beacon application, wherein, for eachreceived beacon broadcast that includes informational data and dataregarding a range of relevance for that beacon, the smart beaconapplication calculates a normalized average strength of the receivedbeacon broadcast over a predetermined number of samples, and determineswhether the beacon is relevant by comparing the normalized averagestrength of the received beacon broadcast to the range of relevance inthe beacon broadcast, and creates a list of relevant beacons. The smartbeacon application may further identify a best beacon for identifying alocation (a site beacon) based on a highest normalized average strengthof the received beacon broadcast for those beacons whose informationaldata may include location information. If a new beacon whoseinformational data includes location information is identified as havinga higher normalized average strength of the received beacon broadcastthan the site beacon, the normalized average strength of the receivedbeacon broadcast of the new beacon must exceed the normalized averagestrength of the received beacon broadcast of the site beacon by apredetermined margin in order to become a new site beacon. The at leastone receiving device may be one of a laptop, a smart phone or a tablet.The at least one receiving device is a smart identification badge. Theat least one receiving device may also include a piece of personalprotective equipment. The at least one receiving device may be one of ahearing protection, an eye protection, a protective footwear, a gasmask, a respirator, a harness, a lighting device, an exposure tracker, ahardhat, or a fall arrest device, a tool, a saw, a gas sensor, aportable environmental sensing device, a gas detection instrument, athermal detector, a flame detector, a chemical, biological,radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE) detector, a chemicaldetection instrument, or an industrial monitoring equipment. If abroadcast from a beacon on the list of relevant beacons is not receivedover a predetermined number of scans, the beacon is removed from thelist of relevant beacons. If a beacon on the list of relevant beacons isdetermined to not be relevant for a predetermined number of consecutivescans, it is removed from the list of relevant beacons. A beacon must bedetermined to be relevant for a predetermined number of consecutivescans to be added to the list of relevant beacons. The at least onereceiving device may be in electronic communication with one of asensor, a piece of equipment, a smart identification badge, or a remoteserver.

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includeat least one receiving device, where the receiving device may include areceiver adapted to receive a beacon broadcast from one or more of aplurality of beacons resulting in one or more received beaconbroadcasts, a processor, a memory and a smart beacon application,wherein, for each beacon that broadcasts a message includinginformational data and data regarding a range of relevance for thebeacon, the smart beacon application calculates an average strength ofthe received beacon broadcasts from that beacon over a predeterminednumber of samples, and determines whether that beacon is relevant bycomparing, the average strength of the received beacon broadcasts to therange of relevance in that beacon broadcast, and creates a list ofrelevant beacons. The smart beacon application may further identify abest beacon for identifying a location (a site beacon) based on ahighest average strength of the received beacon broadcast for thosebeacons whose informational data includes location information. The atleast one receiving device may be one of a laptop, a smart phone or atablet. The at least one receiving device may be a smart identificationbadge. The at least one receiving device may also include a piece ofpersonal protective equipment. The at least one receiving device may beone of a hearing protection, an eye protection, a protective footwear, agas mask, a respirator, a harness, a lighting device, an exposuretracker, a hardhat, or a fall arrest device, a tool, a saw, a gassensor, a portable environmental sensing device, a gas detectioninstrument, a thermal detector, a flame detector, a chemical,biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE) detector, achemical detection instrument, or an industrial monitoring equipment. Ifa broadcast from a beacon on the list of relevant beacons is notreceived over a predetermined number of scans, the beacon is removedfrom the list of relevant beacons. If a beacon on the list of relevantbeacons is determined to not be relevant for a predetermined number ofconsecutive scans, it is removed from the list of relevant beacons. Abeacon must be determined to be relevant for a predetermined number ofconsecutive scans to be added to the list of relevant beacons. The atleast one receiving device may be in electronic communication with oneof a sensor, a piece of equipment, a smart identification badge, or aremote server.

The present disclosure describes a method, the method according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includesensing a characteristic of a personal protective equipment, resultingin a sensed characteristic, providing the sensed characteristic to asmart asset tag and broadcasting the sensed characteristic and an ID ofthe personal protective equipment using a beacon of the smart asset tag.A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the presentdisclosure may include updating a status of the personal protectiveequipment in an asset management system using the sensed characteristic.A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the presentdisclosure may include enabling a user of the asset management system toreview the sensed characteristic, edit data related to the personalprotective equipment, input an instruction for the smart asset tag, orinput an instruction for one or more data foraging devices using asupervisory application. A further embodiment of any of the foregoingembodiments of the present disclosure may include communicating an inputinstruction from the supervisory application to the smart asset tag. Theinput instruction may include issuing an alert. The alert may be avisual alert, an audible alert or a haptic alert. The instruction forthe one or more data foraging devices may be one or more of notifying auser of a data foraging device when the smart asset tag is detected ornotifying the user of the data foraging device to relocate the personalprotective equipment associated with the smart asset tag. Relocating thepersonal protective equipment may include taking the personal protectiveequipment for a maintenance, replacing the personal protectiveequipment, or taking the personal protective equipment for an inventoryverification. Notifying the user may include a visual alert, an audiblealert or a haptic alert. The visual alert may include an instruction tothe user of the data foraging device.

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includea smart asset tag associated with an asset, where the smart asset tagmay include a beacon, wherein the beacon transmits a message including asensed characteristic of the asset and an asset ID and an alertmechanism, a data foraging device in communication with the smart assettag and a remote server and a supervisory application on the remoteserver. The data foraging device communicates the sensed characteristicand the asset ID to the supervisory application on the remote server.The supervisory application may be configured to enable a user or asupervisor of the supervisory application to review the sensedcharacteristic, edit data related to the asset, input an instruction forthe smart asset tag, input an instruction for one or more data foragingdevices. The instruction for the one or more data foraging devices maybe one or more of notifying a user of the data foraging device when thesmart asset tag is detected or notifying the user of the data foragingdevice to relocate the asset associated with the smart asset tag.Relocating the asset may include taking the asset for a maintenance,replacing the asset, or taking the asset for an inventory verification.Notifying the user may include a visual alert, an audible alert or ahaptic alert. The visual alert may include an instruction to the user ofthe data foraging device.

The present disclosure describes a method including receiving assignmentinformation at a safety device when an NFC radio of the safety device isbrought in proximity to at least one of a plurality of NFC tags, theplurality of NFC tags programmed with one or more of an operatorauthorization level and a location assignment; receiving a broadcastedoperator authorization level required for an operator at the safetydevice; determining if the operator authorization level corresponds tothe broadcasted operator authorization level; and transmitting a requestfor access if the operator authorization level corresponds to thebroadcasted operator authorization level. Access may be granted remotelyor an access passcode may be sent back to the operator.

The present disclosure also describes a method including receivingassignment information at a safety device when an NFC radio of thesafety device is brought in proximity to at least one of a plurality ofNFC tags, the plurality of NFC tags programmed with one or more of anoperator authorization level and a location assignment; receiving abroadcasted operator authorization level required for an operator at thesafety device; determining if the operator authorization levelcorresponds to the broadcasted operator authorization level; andgranting or denying a request for access based on if the operatorauthorization level corresponds to the broadcasted operatorauthorization level.

The present disclosure also describes a method including receivingassignment information at a safety device when an NFC radio of thesafety device is brought in proximity to at least one of a plurality ofNFC tags, the plurality of NFC tags programmed with one or more of anoperator authorization level and a location assignment; receiving abroadcasted operator authorization level required for an operator at thesafety device; determining if the operator authorization levelcorresponds to the broadcasted operator authorization level; andtriggering an alarm on the safety device if the operator authorizationlevel does not correspond to the broadcasted operator authorizationlevel. The alarm may be audible, visual, haptic, or a combinationthereof.

The present disclosure describes a method comprising receiving abroadcasted operator authorization level for an operator at a safetydevice, wherein the broadcasted operator authorization level identifiesan operator authorization level required to process a beacon broadcast,wherein the beacon broadcast comprises informational data and a range ofrelevance of the informational data; identifying, at the safety device,the beacon broadcast as relevant if a strength of the beacon broadcastexceeds the range of relevance; determining if the operatorauthorization level of the operator corresponds to the broadcastedoperator authorization level; and processing the beacon broadcast if theoperator authorization level of the operator corresponds to thebroadcasted operator authorization level. The method further includestriggering an alert on the safety device if the operator authorizationlevel does not correspond to the broadcasted operator authorizationlevel. The alert may be an audible alert, a visual alert, a hapticalert, or a combination thereof.

The present disclosure describes a method including receiving a beaconbroadcast, wherein the beacon broadcast comprises a range of relevanceand informational data regarding an availability or a status of a safetyitem; identifying the beacon broadcast as relevant if a strength of thebeacon broadcast exceeds the range of relevance; and presenting theinformational data regarding the safety item on a user device if thebeacon broadcast is identified as being relevant. The method furtherincludes triggering an alert on the safety item when a user selects thesafety item on the user device. The safety item may be one or more of anautomatic external defibrillator (AED), an eyewash station, an emergencylab shower, a fire extinguisher, a chemical shower, and a sorbent. Themethod may further include triggering presentation of additionalinformational data regarding the safety item when a user selects thesafety item on the user device. Triggering may involve receiving anadditional beacon broadcast with the additional informational data whenthe user selects the safety item on the user device.

The present disclosure describes a beacon system, the beacon systemaccording to one disclosed non-limiting embodiment of the presentdisclosure can include a beacon, the beacon including a transmitter, aprocessor, a sensor for collecting sensor data, and a memory, whereinthe beacon broadcasts a beacon message including informational databased on a value of the sensor data and data regarding a range ofrelevance. The beacon message may vary based on the value of the sensordata. The beacon may broadcast the beacon message continuously when thevalue of the sensor data exceeds a specified value. The beacon maybroadcast the beacon message when the value of the sensor data changes.The informational data includes the sensor data and the beaconbroadcasts in near real time. The sensor data may be one of atemperature, a humidity, an atmospheric pressure, an altitude, aconcentration of a specific gas in an atmosphere, an airflow, a noxiousodor, or an operational status of a piece of equipment. Theinformational data may include a warning, an information about requiredpersonal protective equipment, an evacuation instruction, a requiredauthorization level, or the value of the sensor data. The sensor dataindicates that a laser is active and the informational data may includeinformation regarding a protective eye gear. A further embodiment of anyof the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure may also includea receiving device. The receiving device may include an alarm adapted tobe triggered by the beacon message.

The present disclosure describes a beacon system, the beacon systemaccording to one disclosed non-limiting embodiment of the presentdisclosure can include a beacon where the beacon includes a transmittera computer processor an input port for receiving sensor data from asensor and a memory, wherein the beacon a beacon message includinginformational data based on a value of the sensor data and dataregarding a range of relevance. The sensor may be attached to a piece ofequipment and provides equipment status data. The equipment status datamay include one of an operational status, a fault alert, a time untilmaintenance is due, a recent user, a recent safety or gas event, anenvironmental information, a calibration status, and a calibrationinstruction. The beacon may broadcast the beacon message continuouslywhen the value of the sensor data exceeds a specified value. The beaconmay broadcast the beacon message when the value of the sensor datachanges. The informational data varies based on the value of the sensordata. The informational data includes the sensor data and the beaconbroadcasts in near real time. The sensor data may be one of atemperature, a humidity, an atmospheric pressure, an altitude, aconcentration of specific gas in an atmosphere, an airflow, a noxiousodor, or an operational status of a piece of equipment. Theinformational data may include a warning, an information about requiredpersonal protective equipment, an evacuation instruction, a requiredauthorization level, or the value of the sensor data.

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includea receiving device associated with a user, the receiving device mayinclude a receiver adapted to receive a beacon broadcast from one ormore of a plurality of beacons, the beacon broadcast including dataregarding an impact danger and a range of relevance, a processor and analarm, wherein when the processor determines that the receiving deviceis within the range of relevance, the alarm is activated. One of theplurality of beacons may be associated with a mobile object. The mobileobject may be one of a vehicle, a forklift, a piece of moving equipment,or a moving portion of a machine. The beacon may be located at a leadingedge of the mobile object. The alarm is one or more of an audiblenotification, a visual notification, and a haptic notification.

The present disclosure describes a method, the method according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includereceiving, on a receiver associated with a user, a beacon broadcastmessage, the beacon broadcast message including data regarding an impactdanger and data regarding a range of relevance for the beacon broadcastmessage, determining if the receiver associated with the user is withinthe range of relevance for the beacon broadcast message, wherein whenthe receiver associated with the user determines it is within the rangeof relevance for the beacon broadcast message, alerting the user to theimpact danger. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodimentsof the present disclosure may include situations wherein alerting theuser is accomplished using a haptic alert, an audible alert, a visualalert or a combination of visual, audible and visual alerts. A furtherembodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosuremay also include broadcasting, using a beacon on a mobile object, abroadcast message including data regarding the impact danger and dataregarding the range of relevance. A further embodiment of any of theforegoing embodiments of the present disclosure may include situationswherein the mobile object is one of a vehicle, a forklift, a piece ofmoving equipment, or a moving portion of a machine. A further embodimentof any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure mayinclude situations wherein the beacon is located at a leading edge ofthe mobile object.

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includea beacon associated with a mobile object, wherein the beacon broadcastswarning data about the mobile object and a range of relevance and aspeedometer that senses a speed of the mobile object, wherein when thespeedometer senses the speed above a threshold, the beacon broadcastswarning data about the mobile object with a new range of relevance.

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includea mobile receiving device, the mobile receiving device can include areceiver adapted to receive a beacon broadcast from one or more of aplurality of beacons, each beacon broadcast including informational dataand a range of relevance, a processor, and a server adapted tocommunicate with the mobile receiving device, wherein, if the mobilereceiving device determines it is within the range of relevancebroadcast by one of the plurality of beacons, the mobile receivingdevice communicates received informational data associated with therange of relevance and receipt information to the server. Receiptinformation may include one or more of a location of the mobilereceiving device upon receiving the beacon broadcast, a time the beaconbroadcast was received, and a date the beacon broadcast was received.The mobile receiving device may store the informational data the receiptinformation prior to communicating them to the server. The server maycommunicate an acknowledgement of receipt of the informational data andthe receipt information to the mobile receiving device. The mobilereceiving device may transmit the acknowledgement of the receipt of theinformational data and the receipt information. One or more of theplurality of beacons may be associated with an asset, a personalprotective equipment or a tool. The informational data may be one ormore of an asset identification, an asset type, a date of lastcalibration, data collected by an asset, an operational status, a faultalert, a time until a maintenance is due, a list of recent users, a listof recent safety events, a list of recent gas events, a video on how touse the asset, an instruction on a maintenance of the asset, and aninstruction on a calibration of the asset. The server may include anasset database. At least one of the plurality of beacons may include amodule adapted to receive a communication from the mobile receivingdevice, wherein that beacon changes informational data in the beaconbroadcast or a frequency of broadcast upon receiving the acknowledgementof the receipt of the informational data. The change in informationaldata in the beacon broadcast or the frequency of broadcast may include acessation of transmission until that beacon determines that it has beenmoved or a set period of time has elapsed. A further embodiment of anyof the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure may also includea supervisory application adapted to send an instruction to one or moreof the plurality of beacons or the mobile receiving device. Theinstruction may include determining a last known location of an assetassociated with that beacon, indicating that the asset should be broughtin from a field, or altering the informational data broadcast by thatbeacon.

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includereceiving a broadcast message including informational data regarding anasset on a mobile device, transmitting the informational data and dataregarding a receipt of the broadcast message to an asset managementserver, identifying data regarding the asset in an asset database on theasset management server, and upon identifying differences in the data inthe asset database and the data regarding the receipt of the broadcastmessage, updating the data regarding the asset in the asset database.

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includea beacon, wherein the beacon broadcasts a message includinginformational data and data regarding a range of relevance, the beaconmay include a transmitter, a receiver, a processor and a sensor or asensor input, wherein the beacon scans for a presence of a receivingdevice and begins broadcasting the message when the presence isdetected. The beacon's scans may occur continuously, periodically, atscheduled intervals or when a certain condition is met. Upon successfulconnection with the receiving device, the beacon may stop broadcasting.Upon a detection of a state change with the sensor or sensor input, thebeacon may resume scans. A frequency of scanning is dependent upon aseverity of the state change. The state change may be at least one of amovement of the beacon, a fall detection, a temperature crossing athreshold, a gas over limit alert, an NFC activation, an ambient lightlevel, or a detection of a wearing of a personal protective equipment. Acloud server may be in communication with the receiving device, whereinthe receiving device transmits an acknowledgment to the beacon which mayinclude contact data regarding a date or a time of a last successfulcommunication between the receiving device and the cloud server. Thereceiving device may transmit one of the informational data and anindication that the beacon broadcasted the informational data to thecloud server. If the cloud server does not receive a subsequenttransmission from the receiving device with one of the informationaldata and the indication within a given time interval, an alert may besent to a third party. The beacon may rank order the receiving deviceamong a plurality of receiving devices it has identified previously onexpected connectivity to the cloud server based on the date or the timeof the last successful communication between the receiving device andthe cloud server. When there is an alert associated with the beacon, thebeacon may contact the plurality of receiving devices in a rank order ofexpected connectivity. The alert may be a lone worker alert. The beaconmay broadcast a message including informational data and data regardinga range of relevance, the beacon may include a transmitter, a receiverand a processor, wherein the beacon scans for a presence of a receivingdevice and begins broadcasting the message and the data regarding therange of relevance when the presence is detected. A further embodimentof any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosure may alsoinclude a cloud server in communication with the receiving device,wherein the receiving device transmits an acknowledgment to the beaconincluding contact data regarding a date or a time of a last successfulcommunication between the receiving device and the cloud server. Thereceiving device may transmit one of the informational data and anindication that the beacon broadcasted the informational data to thecloud server. If the cloud server does not receive a subsequenttransmission from the receiving device with one of the informationaldata and the indication within a given time interval, an alert may besent to a third party.

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includea beacon which may include a transmitter that broadcasts a message thatincludes informational data and data regarding a range of relevance ofthe informational data, a processor, a receiver and a sensor or a sensorinput, wherein upon detection of the beacon by a mobile receivingdevice, a connection is established between the beacon and the mobilereceiving device to share at least informational data prior toterminating the connection. Upon the connection with the mobilereceiving device being successfully completed, the beacon may stopbroadcasting. Upon detection of a state change with the sensor or thesensor input, resulting in a detected state change, the beacon may makeone or more connection attempts to connect to the mobile receivingdevice or a new mobile receiving device. The connection attempts occurcontinuously, periodically, at scheduled intervals or when a certaincondition is met. A frequency of connection attempts may be dependentupon a severity of the detected state change. The state change may be atleast one of a movement of the beacon, a fall detection, a temperaturecrossing a threshold, a gas over limit alert, an NFC activation, anambient light level, or a detection of a wearing of a personalprotective equipment. A further embodiment of any of the foregoingembodiments of the present disclosure may also include a cloud server incommunication with the mobile receiving device, wherein the mobilereceiving device transmits an acknowledgment to the beacon includingdata regarding a date or a time of a last successful communicationbetween the mobile receiving device and the cloud server. The mobilereceiving device may transmit one of the informational data and anindication that the beacon broadcasted the informational data to thecloud server. If the cloud server does not receive a subsequenttransmission from the mobile receiving device with one of theinformational data and the indication within a given time interval, analert may be sent to a third party. The beacon may rank order the mobilereceiving device among a plurality of mobile receiving devices it hasidentified previously on expected connectivity to the cloud server basedon the date or the time of the last successful communication between themobile receiving device and the cloud server. When there is an alertassociated with the beacon, the beacon contacts the plurality of mobilereceiving devices in a rank order of expected connectivity. The alertmay be a lone worker alert.

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includea smart asset tag configured to generate a random data ID, associate thegenerated data ID with data resulting in a data ID and an associateddata, and broadcast both the data ID and the associated data together,the smart asset tag may include a beacon, a receiver, and a processor.The system may also include a data foraging device wherein the dataforaging device is configured to receive and store a received data IDand a received associated data and then transmit the received associateddata to a cloud server, the data foraging device may include atransmitter, a receiver, and a processor, wherein, the data foragingdevice, upon receiving a confirmation of receipt of the receivedassociated data from the cloud server, begins transmitting the receiveddata ID for the received associated data, wherein, the smart asset tag,upon detecting a transmission of the data ID associated with the data itis broadcasting, ceases broadcasting the associated data. The dataforaging device may further include a cellular communications module ora Wi-Fi communications module. The data foraging device may communicatewith the cloud server using the cellular communications module or theWi-Fi communications module. When the smart asset tag ceasesbroadcasting the associated data, the smart asset tag may do one of: gosilent, broadcast information about an asset, broadcast informationabout the smart asset tag or broadcast new data associated with a newrandom data ID for communication to the cloud server. The smart assettag may also transmit data regarding a range of relevance of theassociated data. The data foraging device may determine whether it iswithin the range of relevance broadcast by the smart asset tag prior totransmitting the data to the cloud server. If the data foraging devicedetermines that it is not within the range of relevance it may nottransmit the data to the cloud server. The data foraging device maytransmit the data ID continuously, periodically, at scheduled intervalsor as one of a list of random data IDs. Each of the plurality of dataforaging devices may limit transmission of the data ID to a locationwhere the data and data ID were initially received.

The present disclosure describes a method, the method according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includegenerating a random data ID by a processor of a beacon, associating saiddata ID with data resulting in an associated data, broadcasting, by thebeacon, both the data ID and the associated data and processing, by thebeacon, a plurality of received messages from a plurality of dataforaging devices, wherein upon detecting, in the plurality of receivedmessages, a transmission of the data ID associated with the data beingbroadcast, broadcasting is ceased. A further embodiment of any of theforegoing embodiments of the present disclosure may include situationswherein each of the plurality of data foraging devices are configured toreceive the broadcast data ID and the associated data, store the randomdata ID and transmit the associated data to a cloud server. A furtherembodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosuremay include situations wherein, each of the plurality of data foragingdevices, upon receiving confirmation of receipt of data from the cloudserver, begin transmitting the random data ID for that associated data.A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the presentdisclosure may include situations wherein each of the plurality of dataforaging devices includes a cellular communications module or a Wi-Ficommunications module. A further embodiment of any of the foregoingembodiments of the present disclosure may include situations whereineach of the plurality of data foraging devices communicates with thecloud server using the cellular communications module or the Wi-Ficommunications module. A further embodiment of any of the foregoingembodiments of the present disclosure may include situations wherein,when the beacon ceases broadcasting the data, the beacon one or more of:goes silent, broadcasts information about an asset, broadcastsinformation about the beacon, and broadcasts new data associated with anew random data ID. A further embodiment of any of the foregoingembodiments of the present disclosure may include situations whereinbroadcasting includes broadcasting a range of relevance of the data. Afurther embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the presentdisclosure may include situations wherein each of the plurality of dataforaging devices determines whether it is within the range of relevancebroadcast by the beacon prior to transmitting the data to a cloudserver. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of thepresent disclosure may include situations wherein if each of theplurality of data foraging devices determines that it is not within therange of relevance, it does not transmit the data to the cloud server. Afurther embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the presentdisclosure may include situations wherein each of the plurality of dataforaging devices transmits the random data ID continuously,periodically, at scheduled intervals or as one of a list of random dataIDs. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of thepresent disclosure may include situations wherein each of the pluralityof data foraging devices limits transmission of the random data ID to alocation where the data and the random data ID were initially received.

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includea piece of personal protective equipment that uses a consumable, thepiece of personal protective equipment can include a smart asset tagadapted to broadcast a broadcast message, the broadcast messageincluding informational data and a range of relevance, the smart assettag can include a transceiver, a processor, data storage and an NFC tag,wherein, upon association of a consumable with the piece of personalprotective equipment a countdown is initiated or a timer is started.Upon completion of the timer or the countdown, the informational datamay include a message regarding the consumable which initiated the timeror the countdown. The message may include notification of a fault, astatus of the consumable, a refill of the consumable required, or amaintenance required. The smart asset tag may also include a sensor or asensor input. The timer or the countdown may be altered by data receivedfrom the sensor or the sensor input. The smart asset tag may alsoinclude an acknowledgement button.

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includea beacon associated with a worker, the beacon including a transmitter, aprocessor, and a memory, wherein the beacon transmits data about theworker, a receiving device associated with a location or a piece ofequipment wherein access to the location or the piece of equipment isbased on the data transmitted about the worker. The data about theworker may include one of a worker identification, a security clearanceof the worker, an equipment certification of the worker, and a personalprotective equipment associated with the worker.

The present disclosure describes a method, the method according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includerepeatedly comparing a signal strength and a directional alignment of anidentification beacon associated with a worker and a signal strength anda directional alignment of each of one or more beacons, each beaconassociated with a piece of personal protective equipment, determining,for each beacon associated with a piece of personal protectiveequipment, if a result of comparing the signal strength and thedirectional alignment of the identification beacon of the worker and thesignal strength and the directional alignment of the beacon associatedwith the piece of personal protective equipment has been consistent overa period of time, and if the result has been consistent, associating thepiece of personal protective equipment with the identification beacon ofthe worker. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments ofthe present disclosure may also include limiting entry of the worker toa location unless the identification beacon of the worker is associatedwith all needed pieces of personal protective equipment for thelocation. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments ofthe present disclosure may also include limiting access to a piece ofequipment unless the identification beacon of the worker is associatedwith all needed pieces of personal protective equipment for the piece ofequipment. A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments ofthe present disclosure may also include comparing an additional type ofdata broadcast by the identification beacon of the worker and the sametype of additional data broadcast by each of the one or more beaconsassociated with the piece of personal protective equipment. A furtherembodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments of the present disclosuremay include situations wherein the type of additional data includes oneof an acceleration, an acoustic signal, and a light signal.

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includean entrance receiving device adapted to receive a plurality of beaconbroadcasts from one or more of a plurality of mobile beacons, eachmobile beacon associated with a worker, wherein each mobile beaconbroadcasts an identification ID of its associated worker, wherein theentrance receiving device monitors the received beacon broadcasts forthe identification ID broadcast by each worker of a plurality of workersentering or exiting a location and creates an on-site record of recordedidentification IDs present, a muster site receiving device adapted toreceive a plurality of beacon broadcasts from one or more of a pluralityof mobile beacons, each mobile beacon associated with a worker, whereinthe muster site receiving device records the identification IDassociated with each worker of the plurality of workers at a muster siteresulting in recorded muster site IDS, and a remote server incommunication with the entrance receiving device and the muster sitereceiving device to distribute the on-site record created by theentrance receiving device, wherein the muster site receiving devicecompares the recorded muster site IDs with the on-site record and, ifthere are workers in the on-site record that are not recorded by themuster site receiving device, triggers an alarm. Triggering the alarmmay include an audio alert, a visual alert, a haptic alert or acombination of audio, visual and haptic alerts. Triggering the alarm mayinclude sending a signal to the remote server to alert one or morespecified individuals. The muster site receiving device may include acellular communication module. Triggering the alarm may include sendingone of a text or a voice message using the cellular communicationmodule.

The present disclosure describes a system, the system according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includea receiving device, the receiving device can include a receiver adaptedto receive a beacon broadcast from one or more of a plurality of beaconsand a processor, wherein the receiving device receives the beaconbroadcast including informational data and data regarding a range ofrelevance and determines whether the receiving device is within therange of relevance specified in the beacon broadcast and, if so, thereceiving device processes the informational data and initiates anaction in response to the informational data. The informational data mayinclude threat information. A further embodiment of any of the foregoingembodiments of the present disclosure may also include a gas detector ofthe receiving device, wherein, if the threat information includes anairborne toxin, the gas detector automatically begins to test for apresence of the airborne toxin. A further embodiment of any of theforegoing embodiments of the present disclosure may also include a gasdetector of the receiving device, wherein, if the threat informationincludes an airborne toxin, the gas detector automatically runs aself-calibration test for the airborne toxin. In response to theinformational data, the receiving device may activate a warning message.When the receiving device also includes a speaker, the warning messagemay be audible. The receiving device also may include a visual display,the warning message may be visual. When the receiving device alsoincludes an actuator, the warning message may be haptic. The warningmessage also includes an indication of the need for a piece of personalprotective equipment, or the lack of a required piece of personalprotective equipment. The informational data also includes a sensordata. The receiving device may provide a calibration instruction to auser based on the sensor data. The action may include transmitting theinformational data to another device. The action may include logging theinformational data. The informational data may include a requiredpersonal protective equipment. If the receiving device fails to detectthe required personal protective equipment, it instructs a user to leavean area. The action by the receiving device may be one of the receivingdevice continuing to be powered on, powering down the receiving device,locking the receiving device, engaging an alarm on the receiving device,or disengaging the alarm on the receiving device.

The present disclosure describes a method, the method according to onedisclosed non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure can includereceiving a beacon broadcast message, the beacon broadcast messageincluding informational data and relevant signal strength, determining astrength of the received beacon broadcast message, comparing thestrength of the received beacon broadcast message and the relevantsignal strength, if the strength of the received beacon broadcastmessage is greater than the relevant signal strength, processing theinformational data, and initiating an action based on the processedinformational data. A further embodiment of any of the foregoingembodiments of the present disclosure may also include situationswherein, when the processed informational data includes threatinformation, emitting a warning. A further embodiment of any of theforegoing embodiments of the present disclosure may include situationswherein the warning may include a visual, an audible or a hapticindication.

The present disclosure describes a device including a beacon adapted tobroadcast a beacon broadcast comprising informational data and a rangeof relevance of the informational data; a receiver adapted to receive atransmission; and a wireless communications module adapted to transmitthe transmission to a cloud server. A receiving device may identify thebeacon broadcast as relevant if a strength of the beacon broadcastexceeds the range of relevance and processes the beacon broadcast if itis identified as relevant. The transmission may be transmitted by thereceiving device to the device, wherein it is in turn transmitted by thedevice to the cloud server. The transmission may be triggered if thebeacon broadcast is identified as relevant. The informational data mayrelate to identifying a location of the device as a muster site. Thetransmission may relate to identifying a user of a receiving device thattransmitted the transmission.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

The disclosure and the following detailed description of certainembodiments thereof may be understood by reference to the followingfigures:

FIGS. 1A and 1B depict an environment of beacons and receiving devices.

FIG. 2 depicts a beacon.

FIG. 3A depicts a receiving device.

FIG. 3B depicts a SW stack on the receiving device.

FIG. 4 depicts a process for determining whether a beacon is in range.

FIG. 5 depicts an example of a receiving device in range of multiplebeacons.

FIG. 6 depicts an example of an asset management system.

FIGS. 7A-7D depict examples of smart asset tags.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

An information and location communication system of beacons may bedeployed in industrial settings having large, open interior spaces, suchas a factory building 1002, as shown in the non-limiting example ofFIGS. 1A-1B. The area over which each beacon provides information ofrelevance, e.g. the beacon's range or scope of relevance, may beselected, allowing for a plurality of beacons of varying ranges ofrelevance to provide coverage of a space using a non-uniform, sparsedeployment scheme.

A beacon may repeatedly transmit an informational message or data, thebeacon's payload, followed by information about the range in which theinformational message is relevant, e.g. the range of relevance. Thisinformational message (payload, range) may then be repeated eithercontinuously or when triggered based on input to the beacon providedfrom a separate device, such as a sensor. In embodiments, this systemdoes not rely on an application in the cloud to determine the relevanceof a sensed message. Rather, the beacon transmits details regarding therange over which the accompanying informational message or data isrelevant. In embodiments, the details may be related to a minimumreceived signal strength at which a received signal is relevant such asreceived signal strength indicator (RSSI), received channel powerindicator (RCPI), and the like. For example, a beacon may transmit aminimum signal strength as an RSSI value at which the accompanyinginformational message is relevant to a receiving device. If the RSSI ofthe received signal is lower than the specified minimum, theaccompanying informational message is not relevant and the receivingdevice may ignore the message. Although the methods described hereinrefer to a beacon that transmits a specified minimum RSSI, below whichan accompanying message may be ignored, other embodiments arecontemplated. In another embodiment, the transmission power for eachbeacon may be adjusted during installation such that the beacon signalwill exceed a commonly specified minimum only within the area ofrelevance.

In an illustrative example, a receiving device may detect a signal withan RSSI of 80 where the received signal specifies a minimum signalstrength of 100 RSSI. Because the RSSI of the incoming signal is belowthe specified minimum signal strength, the receiving device shouldignore the corresponding informational message. If the receiving devicedetects an incoming signal at an RSSI of 110 and the signal specifies aminimum RSSI of 100, the corresponding informational message is relevantand the receiving device should process the message. In a non-limitingexample, the beacon 1002B may repeatedly transmit a minimum signalstrength of 50 RSSI followed by “Factory Building 30.” The beacon maytransmit with sufficient power such that the signal may be receivedanywhere within the factory building 1002 at an RSSI greater than 50.

A plurality of short to mid-range beacons may be deployed aroundlocations or features of interest while longer range beacons may besparsely deployed to provide general coverage of a large open area, suchas beacons B1002A and B1002B, which may be located and programmed toprovide coverage of a large area such as the factory building 1002. Thebeacons B1002A and B1002B may be designed to have a range R1002A andR1002B corresponding to the interior space of the factory building 1002.In some embodiments, a plurality of beacons B1002A and B1002Btransmitting the same information may be deployed to provide adequatecoverage of a large open area. The beacons may be omnidirectional orunidirectional such that coverage corresponds to the relevant area.

Industrial spaces may include smaller, more restrictive spaces withinlarger spaces, such as a tank room 1004 located within the factorybuilding 1002. A corresponding beacon B1004 may be located in the smalltank room with a range R1004 corresponding to that of the morerestrictive space of the tank room 1004 of this example. The range ofthe beacons may be constrained further to provide a finer level ofdetail. For example, there may be a third beacon B1006 having a smallerrange R1006 positioned by a specific object such as a tank 1006 locatedin the tank room 1004. As shown in the expanded detail of FIG. 1B, themay be a fourth beacon B1008 having a range of R1008 positioned by afeature of the object such as the tank valve 1008. There may be sensorslocated throughout the industrial setting that may relay information tovarious beacons, such as the sensor S1008 located near the tank valve1008.

This solution of a sparse beaconing system may enable rapid setup inshort term situations such as construction sites, drilling sites, miningsites and the like. There may be large numbers of workers and equipmentat a location for a short period of time. However, during this shortperiod, monitoring of workers and equipment may be important. A solutionrequiring the installation of a dense number of access points orextensive site mapping may involve higher costs and longer installationtimes to meet the short term need.

A user 301 may move through the factory building 1002 transporting oneor more of a variety of devices such as an identification tag, a mobiledevice 101 running a beacon application 201, one or more pieces ofpersonal protective equipment or safety device such as hearingprotection, a gas mask, a respirator, a harness, a lighting device, afall arrest device, and the like, or one or more tools 401, such as asaw, a gas sensor, portable environmental sensing devices, gas detectioninstruments, a thermal detector, a flame detector, a chemical,biological, radiological, nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE) detector,chemical detection instruments, or any kind of industrial monitoringequipment that logs data about its operation, sensor parameters, users,and the like. All of these devices may be in electronic communicationwith one or more of the beacon and the receiving device. There may beone or more sensors S301 associated with a user 301 such as on awearable device or an identification device. There may be sensors S401associated with the tools 401, such as an NFC identification tag,proximity sensors, accelerometers, biological or wearable sensors suchas eye tracking sensors, heart rate sensors, blood pressure sensors,gait detection sensors, olfactory sensors, and galvanic skin responsesensors, cameras/image sensor, microphones, infrared sensors, gassensor, capacitive sensor, fingerprint sensor, signal detectors (e.g.Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, mobile phone, etc.), location detectors (e.g. GPSsensor), and the like. The sensors may be communication with one or morebeacons and one or more receiving devices.

Because of the sparse distribution and varying range of the locationbeacons, installation may be more efficient than that of an access pointor RSSI triangulation system. Initially those beacons associated withthe largest areas, lowest precision are installed and calibrated to be“in range” over the space of interest. The installation of these beaconsmay be followed by the installation of progressively smaller range,higher precision beacons. As the identification of areas needing higherprecision location information occurs, such as the installation of newequipment, it may be straight forward to add new beacons into theexisting system without the need to update the existing beacons. It isnot necessary that the sequence above be followed. An aspect of thisembodiment is that areas requiring less resolution, for example abuilding, may be provided with a beacon having a larger range than areasrequiring more resolution, i.e., specificity, such as a tank room insidea building.

Referring to FIG. 2, a beacon 200 may include a processor 202, memory204, and a transmitter 208. In some instances the beacon 200 may includea sensor 210 or an input port 212 for receiving input from a sensor. Thebeacon 200 may be battery 214 operated. The beacon 200 may broadcastinformation at a regularly scheduled interval using standard wirelessprotocols, such as BLE. The frequency at which the information isbroadcast as well as the format of the broadcast may be based onstandard beacon formats, such as iBeacon, Eddystone, AltBeacon and thelike, or a custom format. The beacon 200 may include a near fieldcommunication (NFC) interface to facilitate secure communication forupdates to the beacon and the like.

The beacon 200 may be battery 214 operated with a battery life ofapproximately 4 years. The beacon may be operable over a widetemperature range such as −40° to +50° Celsius with a protectiveenclosure providing Ingress Protection (IP) of 65/66 (impervious to dustand water jets) and so suitable for both indoor and outdoor use. Thebeacon 200 may also be certified for use in environmentally hazardousareas such as those comprising combustible gases and/or dust, and thelike. The beacon, or at least an enclosure of the beacon, may beintrinsically safe and/or explosion proof.

A beacon may be located in a fixed location, for example associated withan enclosed area in a facility. A beacon may be associated with a mobileasset such as a piece of equipment, a user, a batch of material and thelike. A beacon may be associated with a receiving device, either in thesame location or integrated in the same device. In some embodiments, abeacon may transmit more than one informational message (payload, range)sequentially and repeating continuously. The ranges associated with eachpayload need not be the same. For example, a beacon may transmit (“TankRoom 3”, 20 RSSI) (“Potential H2S Hazard, 15 RSSI). A beacon may receiveinput from environmental sensors, tools, user sensors, equipment andequipment status sensors and the like as described elsewhere herein, andtransmit the received input.

Referring to FIG. 3, a receiving device 300 may include a processor 302,memory 304, and a receiver 308. In some instances the receiving device300 may include a sensor 310 or an input port 312 for receiving inputfrom a sensor or sensor device either directly or indirectly via anotherform of electronic communication. In some instances the receiving devicemay have an indicator 318 such as a light or display, a speaker foraudio alerts, and a vibrating mechanism for haptic alerts. The receivingdevice 300 may be battery 314 operated. The components of the receivingdevice may be implemented on a hardware chip or tag to provide low costreceiving devices.

Referring to FIG. 3B, the software stack running on the receiving device300 may include an API for controlling the receiver hardware 352 coupledwith a standard beaconing framework 354. The API for controlling thereceiver hardware may be designed to support Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE),ANT, or other low powered communication protocols. Together the API forcontrolling the receiver hardware 352 and the standard beaconingframework 354 handle the details of the physical communications betweenthe beacon 200 and the receiving device 300 and how to handle beacons atthe operating system level such as by causing an interrupt to begenerated in a mobile device when it is in sleep mode. The smart beaconapplication 358 interprets the data received from the beacon.

The smart beacon application 358 may keep a list of active beacons thatcan be heard. If an active beacon is not heard over a number of scans,it may be removed from the list of active beacons. In embodiments, thenumber may be a predetermined number of scans. In embodiments, thenumber may be a predetermined number of consecutive scans. For eachbeacon, a normalized beacon strength may be calculated relative to thetransmitted range for that beacon. The difference between the receivedstrength of the beacon signal and the transmitted range (minimumreceived strength) may be normalized relative to the transmitted range.

${{Normalized}\mspace{14mu}{Beacon}\mspace{14mu}{Strength}} = \frac{{{Received}\mspace{14mu}{Strength}} - {{Minimum}\mspace{14mu}{Strength}}}{{Minimum}\mspace{14mu}{Strength}}$

The smart beacon application 358 may determine an average beaconstrength over a specified number of samples. The smart beaconapplication 358 may identify a best beacon for location beacons whilelistening to all relevant beacons for categories such as hazards, alertsand the like. The best site beacon for a location may be identified asthe beacon with the highest average beacon strength. However, the newlyidentified best site bacon may be required to exceed the average beaconstrength of the current site beacon by a predetermined margin to avoidconstant flipping of sites at the margins.

The receiving device 300 may be a mobile device 101 (FIG. 1A) such as alaptop computer, a smart phone, a tablet and the like running anapplication 201 designed to interpret and act on a signal received froma beacon. The receiving device 300 may be a smart identification badgeworn by a user, or personal protective gear worn by a user such as arespirator mask, eye protection, hearing protection, protectivefootwear, hardhat, exposure trackers, personal protective equipment orsafety devices as described herein, and the like. The receiving devicemay be a tool such as a saw, electronic measurement equipment, portableenvironmental sensing devices, gas detection instruments such asmulti-gas, single gas, and combustible gas detectors, a thermaldetector, a flame detector, a chemical, biological, radiological,nuclear, and explosives (CBRNE) detector, chemical detection instrumentsand the like. The receiving device may be attached to a batch ofmaterial such as chlorine, bleach, ammonia, and the like. In addition toreceiving signals from beacons, a receiving device may be in electroniccommunication with sensors, equipment, a smart identification badge, aremote server, and the like.

A beacon may transmit absolute location in terms of latitude andlongitude or the beacon may transmit a location name such as “FactoryBuilding 30”, “Tank Room 3”, “Tank 1”, “Valve 37” and the like. Beaconinformation (e.g. the informational message or the informational data)may include information typically seen on signage specifying personalprotection or safety gear required in an area or security clearancesrequired in an area. Beacon information may include fault conditions andalarms based on sensor inputs such as “Leak on Valve 37.” Beaconinformation may include instructions to be followed within the beacon'ssphere of influence such as “No cell phones”, “No Ammonia” and the like.Beacon information may include equipment available at the location, gasdetection instrument dock nearby, a fuel source at the location, a knownhazard at the location, a typical gas concentration for the location, anenvironmental condition for the location, a recent gas event, a recentman down alarm, a recent alarm, and the like.

In some embodiments, the beacon may be used to broadcast informationaldata regarding security clearance needed in the range of the beacon. Abeacon located near a location may broadcast that a particular securityclearance level is needed. If the user's security level is not at thebroadcasted minimum required security clearance or higher, theinstrument may emit a warning message audibly, visually, haptically, orcombinations thereof.

For example, a worker may attempt to enter a location by touching herinstrument or device to an NFC location tag at the location. The beaconfor that location may be transmitting a hazard alert signal, so once theinstrument is associated with the location and receives a hazard alertsignal from the beacon with the same location information as thelocation tag, the instrument or device may be caused output a signal tostay out of the location.

In another example, the beacon may broadcast informational datacomprising an authorization level that has changed. The worker mayassign the instrument or device to themselves with an NFC tag that hasinformation about their authorization level. The worker may reach alocation with a beacon and the worker's instrument or device will obtainthe broadcasted information from the beacon regarding the changedauthorization level. If the authorization level being broadcastedmatches the information from the NFC assigned information, a message issent back to the server requesting access. Access may be grantedremotely, an access passcode may be sent back to the worker, and thelike.

In some embodiments, real-time information signage including integratedbeacons may be used in conjunction with data collected from instruments.For example, a real-time sign may be in electronic communication withone or more instruments, devices, a server or a third party device suchas by WiFi, Bluetooth, RFID or the like. The real-time sign may belocated in an area and may display data based on an alarm from a nearbyinstrument and may serve as a remote alarm. The data may be transmitteddirectly to the sign using a wireless network or may be transmitted tothe cloud where it is processed to determine if it should be displayedon the real-time information sign. In embodiments, a plurality ofinstruments, which may be enabled to communicate in the wireless networkor may be NFC-enabled, may transmit data (e.g., sensed data, assignmentdata, location data, calibration status, etc.) to the server, at leastpartially by the wireless network, wherein the data may be displayed bythe real-time sign. In embodiments, the real-time information signbroadcasts additional information, using its integrated beacon, such asmore detailed instructions, the effective radius of the displayedmessage, and the like.

Beacons may be used to inventory items in an area in order to providefor alarms. For example, secondary alarms may be generated from aneyewash/shower pull, wherein the pull itself may generate a primaryalarm. An inventory of items in the area may be needed in order togenerate the secondary alarms, wherein the inventory is known at theremote location so that it gets displayed to first and second respondersupon the eyewash/shower pull or the inventory is gathered by a nearbyinstrument in communication with a beacon in the area and transmittedremotely. The inventory may include information such as: strong acidpresent, tank of phosphine present, gases present, chemicals present,combination of gases and chemicals present, or any information thatwould be on a posted hazard placard.

Referring back to FIG. 1A, it may be seen that the use of the beaconsallows for location determination at varying degrees of specificity. Forexample, locations on the right side of the building (away from the tankroom) may be determined using two beacons B1002A and B1002B. Thereceiving device simply determines that it is in the location specifiedby the beacons. However, using the same system, the lower range, buthigher specificity, beacons may be used to enable a receiving devicelocated in the tank room to determine whether it is in the tank roombased on beacon B1004 or whether it is near a tank using beacon B1006.

As shown in FIG. 4, when a receiving device receives a transmission(step 402) it determines the strength of the received signal (step 404).It then parses the beacon signal for range information/minimum signalstrength (step 408). After obtaining the minimum signal strength thereceiving device compares the received signal strength with the minimumsignal strength (step 410). If the received signal strength is less thanthe minimum signal strength, the transmission is ignored (step 412). Ifthe received signal strength is equal to or greater than the minimumsignal strength, the accompanying data is processed (step 414).

As shown in FIG. 5, a receiving device 300 may be within “range” of morethan one beacon. A receiving device 300 may be positioned where it willreceive signals from more than one beacon and more than one of thesignals may be received at a strength greater than the specifiedminimum. Additionally, a receiving device 300 may also receiveinformation from other items in the environment, such as environmentalsensors, wearable sensors 504, user equipment 502 and the like asdescribed elsewhere herein. In the example of FIG. 5, receiving device300 has received 4 signals, all of which were received at a strengthabove the minimum specified for that beacon. The receiving device 300may then identify which information has higher value/greater priority.For location information, priority may be based upon which beacon has asmaller area of influence and therefore more specificity. For example,as shown in FIG. 5, a receiving device 300 positioned within the tankroom 1004 may receive a signal from beacon B1002 indicating that thereceiving device 300 is in “Factory Building 30,” beacon B1004indicating that the receiving device 300 is in “Tank Room 3,” beaconB1006 indicating that the receiving device is near “Tank 4,” and beaconB1008 indicating that the receiving device is near “Valve 37.” All thebeacon signals may be received at strengths above each respectivebeacon's specified minimum strength meaning that all are relevant to thereceiving device. However, the beacon with the smallest range, B1008(having a minimum signal strength of 5 RSSI), has priority in locationidentification over that of the beacons having larger ranges, B1002(minimum signal strength of 50 RSSI), B1004 (minimum signal strength of20 RSSI), and B1006 (minimum signal strength of 15 RSSI) because thesmallest range provides greater specificity. The receiving device 300knows not just that it is in “Factory Building 30” or in “Tank Room 3”near “Tank 4” but that it is near “Valve 37.” Additionally, thereceiving device 300 may receive data from other beacons associated withthe wearable sensors 504, user equipment 502, environmental sensors andthe like.

This system may enable a number of applications. In addition toreceiving information from beacons that are deemed to be in range,receiving devices may also receive information from other items in theenvironment, such as wearable sensors, environmental sensors, beacons,user equipment and the like as described elsewhere herein. The receivingdevice may than cause the certain relevant data to be displayed orcertain actions to occur such as shutting off a piece of equipment.

In some embodiments beacons may be used to broadcast informationregarding security clearance needed in the range of the beacon. Usersmay receive his or her own NFC assignment tag identifying them which canbe attached to a name badge, employee ID, or other personal item. Then,each day, the employee may pick up an instrument from a shared pool ortool crib at the start of his or her shift. When the instrument istouched to the assignment tag, the assignment of the device to the useris complete. The device may be further configured to the user's needsand/or specification, and may also include data about the user, such asname, a size, a weight, a typical work location, a job function, atypical instrument used, a pre-existing concern, a language known, anymachine certifications, a prior alarm, a prior gas or safety event, anyprior radiation exposure levels, a prior message and a securityclearance. A beacon located near Tank 1 may broadcast that a particularsecurity clearance level is needed. If the user's security level is notat the broadcasted minimum required security clearance or higher, theinstrument may emit a warning message audibly, visually, haptically, orcombinations thereof.

In some embodiments, beacons may be used to broadcast informationregarding potential hazards, for example the possible presence ofhydrogen sulfide (H₂S). The receiving device may have already identifiedthe presence or absence of various protective gear or monitors asdescribed elsewhere herein. If the receiving device is in range of abeacon warning of a potential hazard for which the user is not prepared,for example the potential presence of H₂S, the receiving device may takea variety of actions depending upon the equipment available. If the userhas a gas detector that is capable of detecting H₂S but sensing was notenabled, the receiving device may cause the H₂S sensing to be activated.If the user does not have a gas detector, the receiving device may emita warning message audibly, visually, haptically, or combinations thereofto the user. If a receiving device is located near an entrance to thelocation having the potential hazard, a beacon associated with thereceiving device may broadcast a command to lock the door.

In some embodiments, beacons may be used to broadcast informationregarding required safety devices, such as hearing protection required.The receiving device may alert the user to put on hearing protection or,if the receiving device does not detect the presence of hearingprotection, the user may be instructed to leave the area. In someembodiments the beacon may not broadcast continuously but only inresponse to sensor input (either internal or external), in this exampleif an input from a noise sensor exceeds a certain threshold. In somecases the beacon may broadcast the sensed parameter such as atemperature, noise level, gas level and the like.

In some embodiments, beacons may be used to broadcast real timeconditions or real time hazard information. A beacon may be connected toone or more sensors and broadcast the sensed parameter in real time.Examples of such sensed parameters may include temperature, humidity,atmospheric pressure, altitude, concentrations of specific gases in theatmosphere, airflow, noxious odors, and the like. In response to suchinformation, a receiving device may issue an alert, transmit the sensedparameters to a second receiving device, adjust a calibration orcalculation, log the information, and like. The sensor may be attachedto a piece of equipment and provide status information such asoperational status (e.g. laser on), fault alerts, time until maintenanceis due, recent users, recent safety or gas events, environmentalinformation such as temperature, barometric pressure and the like. Forexample, a beacon may transmit repeatedly that the laser is onrepeatedly while the laser is on. Upon receipt of a message that thelaser is on, a receiving device may alert a user not to enter the area,or to don protective eyewear before entering the area. In anotherexample, a beacon may transmit repeatedly that the air conditioning isnot working. Upon receipt of that message, the receiving device mayalert a user to not enter the area.

A beacon may be used to transmit emergency response information such asthe muster location where every user should assemble in case thefacility is evacuated. The beacon may transmit the location of emergencyequipment such as a first aid kit, a portable defibrillator, fireextinguisher, and the like.

A beacon may be used to disable automated responses in select areas.Some facilities may have a “man down” transponder or beacon thattransmits a distress signal when a user has been stationary for anextended period of time. However, the user may also be stationary in thecafeteria. Currently, some users will manually disable their “man down”alarm to avoid it being activated during a meal. However, they mayforget to turn it on. A beacon located in the cafeteria could transmit acommand to temporarily disengage the “man down” alarm. The receivingdevice could response by disengaging the “man down alarm” while withinrange of that beacon. When the user moves out of range of thatparticular beacon, the receiving device would revert to a default ofhaving the “man down” alert active.

In some embodiments, beacons may be used to broadcast generalinformation to a user, similar to a sign posted in an area. Theinformation broadcast may be rules regarding the area such as safetyglasses required, hearing protection required, do not enter signage,contact information for requesting entry, and the like. The informationtransmitted by a beacon may be dynamic in response to changing sensorinput. Additionally, a beacon may be programmable such that theinformation transmitted by the beacon in response to a sensor input maybe changed. In embodiments, a beacon may be updated from a mobiledevice, such as a smart phone, using short range communication such asnear field communication (NFC), Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), and thelike. For example, a beacon may be updated by touching a smart phonehaving NFC capability to the beacon to transmit updates to the beacon.For example, this feature may be used by Industrial Hygiene topromulgate new rules such as lowering a noise level at which hearingprotection is required. Initially a beacon may have been programmed tobroadcast “Hearing Protection Required” when a noise sensor registers180 dB or more. The beacon may be updated to broadcast “HearingProtection Required” when a noise sensor registers 150 dB or more.

In some embodiments, beacons may be used to broadcast instructionsrelated to a piece of equipment, work required in an area and the like.For example, a beacon associated with a mining machine may broadcast aseries of steps or items to be executed prior to starting the miningmachine. For example, the beacon may broadcast the followinginstructions in a small range around the machine controls: “verify brakeengaged before starting”, “make sure blades are disengaged beforestarting”, and the like.

In another example, a beacon may broadcast work targets for a particularshift in response to external input. A beacon may broadcast the worktargets over a range associated with the manufacturing location forwhich the targets apply, such as an assembly line where the work wouldbe done. A separate beacon might broadcast different targets for adifferent work area where the range would correspond to a neighboringassembly line.

In some embodiments, a beacon associated with a piece of equipment maybe used to broadcast normal process parameters for that piece ofequipment. A receiving device may display a message to a user workingwith the machine to the effect that “normal parameter readings are ‘A’RPMs, ‘B’ temperature, and the like.” The user may then reference theinformation received from the beacon to determine whether the process isin control, whether adjustments need to be made, etc.

In some embodiments, a beacon may be used to broadcast calibrationinstructions to equipment. For example, in a location at a knownaltitude of 1000 meters, there may be a beacon that broadcasts “AdjustBarometer for 1000 meters.” An “in range” receiving device associatedwith a piece of equipment having a barometer would then recalibrate thebarometer to 1000 meters, thus potentially removing error associatedwith changes in barometric pressure. In another example, a beaconassociated with a temperature sensor may broadcast instructions such as“Recalibrate your gas sensors for sensed temperature.” An ‘in range’receiving device associated with a gas meter may then adjust itscalibration to account for the potentially changed volatility of thegases at the sensed temperature.

A beacon may broadcast information regarding potentially adverseinteractions. In some embodiments, the beacon may broadcast the presenceof a chemical or condition that has the potential for adverseinteractions such as “Chlorine Present,” “Ammonia Present” and the like.A receiving device, upon hearing such a broadcast, would need todetermine whether the presence of the broadcast chemical or conditionwould impact their user or equipment. For example, if the user had apiece of equipment that might be damaged by chlorine, the receivingdevice might display a warning message or alarm. In an alternateembodiment, a beacon might warn away certain chemicals, types ofequipment and the like because of the potential for an adverseinteraction with something in the area covered by the beacon. Forexample, if chlorine was present in the area covered by the beacon, thebeacon might broadcast “No Ammonia Allowed.” In another example, if anarea contained certain volatile gases, a beacon might broadcast “NoSparks.”

The beacon may broadcast information about the availability of otherdevices, services, conditions, items, people, or the like in the area.For example, the beacon may be used to broadcast the availability/statusof a nearby automatic external defibrillator (AED), theavailability/status of an eyewash station, the availability/status of anemergency lab shower, the availability/status of a fire extinguisher,the availability/status of a chemical shower, the availability/status ofa sorbent, and the like, wherein the a user instrument may display thebroadcasted information. In embodiments, the data broadcast by thebeacon may be stored by the instrument. In embodiments, the beaconbroadcast includes informational data regarding an availability or astatus of a safety item and a range of relevance of the informationaldata. The informational data may include any information, such asinformation regarding status of items, instructions for items, locationof items, directions to an item, a graphical indicia or a map showingthe location of items and/or directions to the item, and the like. Thebeacon broadcast is identified as relevant if a strength of the beaconbroadcast exceeds the range of relevance, and once identified, ispresented on a user device. An alert on the safety item may be triggeredwhen the user selects the safety item on the user device.

In some embodiments, a beacon may be mobile and associated with a user.The beacon may broadcast “I am John Smith” or other pertinent personalinformation in a small area surrounding the user. The mobile beacon maybroadcast user information comprising one of user name, useridentification, user authorization or user safety equipment. This wouldallow for equipment to log each user that engaged with the equipment. Inanother example, upon evacuation of a facility, there may be a receivingdevice at the muster point (described elsewhere herein) that couldobtain a head count as people exited the building, thus helping ensurethe safety of the employees and any rescue workers. In embodiments, thereceiving device may control access to a space or equipment and mayblock or allow access depending on the information received from thebeacon. For example, if the personal information received from thebeacon matches information on an access list, access may be granted.

In some embodiments, a beacon may be mobile. A transceiver may beincorporated in a smart asset tag which may be associated with an assetsuch as a piece of personal protective equipment (PPE) (e.g. a helmet, arespirator, steel toed boots and the like), personal items such asprescription safety glasses, laptop computers, toolboxes and the like.The transceiver of the smart asset tag may broadcast a unique itemidentifier, either continuously or at periodic intervals. In additionto, or instead of, a unique item identifier, the transceiver of thesmart asset tag may broadcast range in which the beacon of the smartasset tag is relevant as described elsewhere herein and informationabout the asset such as the type of asset (e.g. “I am a helmet”), thestatus of the asset (e.g. “need servicing”), date of last calibration,collected data, operational status (e.g. laser on), fault alerts, timeuntil maintenance is due, recent users, recent safety or gas events,environmental information such as temperature, barometric pressure, andthe like. In an asset management scenario (FIG. 6) a plurality ofpersonal protective equipment (PPE) assets 620 may each be labeled witha smart asset tag 610 having a unique item identifier. An assetmanagement system 630 on a cloud server 618 may have a database withinformation associating each unique item identifier with the dataregarding the asset with which it is associated such as type of item,purchase date, date maintenance due, any damage, any alarms, calibrationrecords, data log, most recent location, individual using the asset, andthe like. This information may be updated by a user accessing the cloudserver 618, or, in those cases where data is provided by the asset, suchas data logs, asset status and the like, is added, the data may bedownloaded by a data foraging device, downloaded using a dockingstation, near field communication (NFC) data exchange, and the like.

In an embodiment, multiple individuals, while going about their normalduties, may act as data foragers 602 to opportunistically conduct anasset survey, as will be described herein. A vehicle or piece ofequipment that moves throughout a facility may also act as a dataforager 602. The multiple data foragers opportunistically conducting anasset survey as they go about their daily duties may serve to crowdsource the status of personal protective equipment located throughoutthe facility. A data forager 602 may wear or carry a data foragingdevice 604 capable of receiving signals from the transceiver of thesmart asset tag, either actively or in the background, and running adata foraging application 608. The data foraging device 604 may be asmart phone capable of uploading information received from smart assettags 610 to one or more cloud servers 618 running an asset managementsystem 630. This would allow the data forager to opportunisticallygather data on assets in the facility without the need for extensiveinfrastructure upgrades or individual smart asset tags having dedicatedcloud connectivity. The data foraging device 604 may be a wearable smartdevice or a device on a piece of equipment or vehicle, or incorporatedinto a piece of equipment or vehicle. The data foraging device 604 maybe capable of receiving wireless signals and forwarding the receiveddata and/or receipt information to the cloud via Wi-Fi or cell phoneconnectivity (LTE etc.) or storing the received data and receiptinformation when intermittent or no network connection to the cloud ispresent. Data and/or receipt information from these data foragingdevices 604 may be uploaded whenever the data foraging device 604 hasnetwork connectivity or when it comes in communication range of a dataforaging device 604 that does have network connectivity. Additionally,data and/or receipt information from these data foraging devices 604 maybe retrieved when the data foraging device 604 is in proximity to anupload location 635. The upload location may be a wireless access pointcapable of retrieving the stored data and/or receipt information. Theupload location 635 may then upload the transferred data and/or receiptinformation to the asset management system 630. Upload locations 635 maybe located throughout a facility or at one or more select areas that maybe expected to be frequented by individuals acting as data foragers 602such as cafeterias, entrances, exits, break rooms and the like. Forequipment and vehicles acting as data foragers 602, a docking stationwhere they are stored at the end of the day may act as an additionalupload location 635.

The data foraging device 604 may receive a signal from a smart asset tag610. If a data foraging device 604, such as a mobile phone, receives asmart asset tag's signal 612, the data foraging application 608 may sendthe smart asset tag's unique item identifier 614 and other received datato a remote server, such as a cloud server 618. In addition to sendingdata received from the smart asset tag 610, additional detectedinformation such as a current location of the asset or other receiptinformation may also be sent. The current location of the asset may bebased on the location of the data foraging device (e.g. smart phonelocation based on GPS, dead reckoning, and the like), data from alocation beacon B6004 as described elsewhere herein, and the like. As adata forager 602 moves throughout a facility in the normal pursuit oftheir duties, the data foraging device 604 may scan for and detect thepresence of a plurality of smart asset tags 610 and transmit data fromthe plurality of smart asset tags 610, locational information regardingthe data foraging device 604 and the like to the cloud server 618. Thelocational data may be obtained from one or more beacons transmittinglocational information as described elsewhere herein. In this way, asurvey of assets in a location may be achieved opportunistically using aworker's (or vehicle or piece of equipment's) regular movements andproximity to assets without the necessity of installing a dense systemof infrastructure and the time and expense involved in an explicit assetsurvey.

In some embodiments, it may be desirable for a smart asset tag 610 toreceive confirmation that data that has been broadcast by the smartasset tag has been received by a cloud server. For example, the smartasset may need confirmation that broadcast data related to a fall, a gasevent, error conditions and the like has been received by a cloud serverand incorporated into an asset management system. On those occasionswhen a confirmation of receipt is desired, a smart asset tag 610 maygenerate a random data handle to transmit with the data. A data foragingdevice 604 upon receiving a data message comprising the random datahandle may store the random data handle until it has had an opportunity,as disclosed elsewhere herein, to communicate the data associated withthe random data handle to a cloud server.

Upon receiving confirmation of receipt of the data by the cloud server,the data foraging device may broadcast the random data handle to alertthe smart asset tag to the successful receipt of the associated data bythe cloud server. The data foraging device may transmit the random datahandle continuously, periodically, at scheduled intervals or as one of alist of random data handles that have been successfully communicated tothe cloud server. The transmission of a particular random data handle bya data foraging device may be limited to a location near where theinitial broadcast comprising the random data handle was received or maybe location independent. A smart asset tag, upon receiving a random datahandle associated with data that the smart asset tag is broadcasting,may then stop broadcasting that data. The smart asset tag may stopbroadcasting completely, begin broadcasting new data to be communicatedto the cloud server, accompanying the new data with a newly generatedrandom data handle, or begin broadcasting generic information such asinformation regarding the type of asset to which it is attached, aunique ID, real time sensor data or the like as discussed elsewhereherein.

In other embodiments, rather than the smart asset tag 610 acting as amobile beacon and the data foraging device 604 scanning for smart assettags 610, a smart asset tag 610 may act as a Bluetooth master devicewith data foraging devices 604 acting as peripherals or slaves. In thisembodiment, the smart asset tag 610 may scan, continuously,periodically, at scheduled intervals or when certain conditions are metfor a data foraging device 604. Once a data foraging device 604 isidentified, the smart asset tag 610 may connect to the data foragingdevice and briefly share data (bi directionally) before terminating theconnection. Alternatively, the smart asset tag 610 may act a Bluetoothperipheral or slave and the data foraging device 604 may act as aBluetooth master. In this embodiment, the data foraging device 604 mayscan, periodically, continuously or at scheduled intervals, for a smartasset tag 610. Once a smart asset tag 610 is identified by the dataforaging device 604, the data foraging device 604 may connect to thesmart asset tag 610 and share informational data, settings, alarms, orthe like (bi-directionally) briefly before terminating the connection.In this embodiment, the beacon comprises an optional receiver to receiveshared informational data. Although Bluetooth wireless technology isused in described the above examples, other wireless technologies suchas ANT Wi-Fi, ZigBee, IEEE 802.15.4, LoRa, Thread network protocol, andthe like may be used.

In the above embodiments, the smart asset tag 610 may, upon successfulcommunication with a data foraging device 604, turn off its wirelesscommunication, thus saving power. The smart asset tag 610 may remain offuntil a state change (e.g. movement (detecting using an accelerometer orlocation beacon), temperature crossing a threshold, fall detection, gasover limit alert, change in location beacon, NFC activation, ambientlight level, detection of the wearing of the PPE such as a mechanicalcontact switch that detects the wearing of a helmet, and the like) isdetected. Upon detecting a state change, the smart asset tag 610 mayattempt to connect to a data foraging device 604. The frequency of theconnection attempts may be based on one or more of the detected state ofthe smart asset tag 610, how long since the last successfulcommunication, and the like. For example, if an important state changeis detected, the smart asset tag 610 may constantly scan until it findsa data foraging device 604 and is able to communicate the state change.For less important state changes, the smart asset tag 610 may only scanperiodically for a data foraging device 604. However, once the data hasbeen transmitted, the smart asset tag 610 may revert to a periodic orscheduled communication pattern until another state change is detected.This scheme may be beneficial with large-scale deployment of smart assettags 610, such as when hundreds or thousands of smart asset tags 610 arepresent in a small area. Relative to smart asset tags 610 using a mobilebeacon implementation, which may emit RF radiation on a regular basis,those embodiments where the smart asset tag 610 is emitting RF radiationonly when connected to a data foraging device 604, may reduce potentialinterference as well as reducing possible burdens on the data foragingdevice 604 such as processing load, battery life, bandwidth, and thelike.

In embodiments where the smart asset tags 610 act as Bluetooth masters,the smart asset tag 610 may be passively scanning for the presence of adata foraging device 604 rather than transmitting radio signals tofacilitate detection of the smart asset tag 610 by the data foragingdevice 604. This communication topology may be beneficial when smartasset tags 610 are deployed in locations that limit or prohibitintentional RF radiation, such as onboard airplanes, in blasting areas,and other hazardous locations. Beacon-based smart asset tags 610 mayrequire additional design elements such as a mechanism enabling thetransceiver to be turned off in such hazardous locations, and the like.

Once data regarding the various assets 620 associated with the smartasset tags 610 have been uploaded to an asset management system 630,that data may be accessible by or downloadable to a supervisoryapplication 642 which may be viewable by a supervisor 640. Thesupervisory application 642 may run on a computer, a laptop, a mobiledevice, a smart phone, a tablet or other device with, in embodiments, atleast intermittent network connectivity and a display. The supervisoryapplication 642 may allow a user, a supervisor 640 or other individualto review the uploaded data, edit the data, input instructions forvarious smart asset tags 610, input instructions for various assets 620,input instructions for data foraging applications 608, and the like.

In embodiments, an individual may request or otherwise indicate, using asupervisory application 642, an asset 620 to be brought in from thefield. This may be an asset that is due for maintenance or an asset thatis missing. The supervisory application 642 may instruct, via the assetmanagement system 630, a data foraging application 608 to notify itsuser when it detects the asset to be brought in. Notification to theuser may be a visual, auditory or haptic alert on the data foragingdevice 604. Notification to the user may be a visual, auditory or hapticalert on the smart asset tag 610 as discussed elsewhere herein. Inaddition to being requested by a user, the asset management system 630may initiate a request for an asset to be brought in for maintenance,replacement, fitting, inventory verification purposes and the like.

In embodiments there may be various asset tag configurations (FIGS.7A-7D). A smart asset tag 610 may be attached to an asset using anadhesive, mechanical means and the like. A smart asset tag 610 may beincorporated into an asset, such as a gas detector or other valuablepiece of equipment. A smart asset tag 610A (FIG. 7A) may include atransceiver 710, a near field communication (NFC) tag 702, a low powerbattery 714, a processor and data storage 718. The NFC tag 702 may beused to share data with the data foraging device 604, downloading storeddata to a dock or an upload location, and the like. The transceiver 710may be a Bluetooth Low Energy transceiver configured to act as a beacon,scanner, BLE master, BLE peripheral and the like. The transceiver 710may switch between roles. The transceiver 710 may broadcast data such asa unique item identifier or other information associated with the assetas described elsewhere herein. This format of smart asset tag may beapproximately the diameter of a quarter and twice as thick.

In another embodiment (FIG. 7B) a smart asset tag 610B may include atransceiver 710, an NFC tag 702, a low power battery 714, a processorand data storage 718 and a user interface (UI) 704. The user interface704 may include one or more of a visual alert (e.g. an LED light), atext display, an audio alert, a haptic alert and the like. When a dataforaging device 604 receives a unique item identifier and other assetdata from the transceiver 710, the data foraging application 608 maysend the smart asset tag's unique item identifier 614 to a cloud server618. The asset management system 630 on the cloud server 618 may look upthe smart asset tag's unique item identifier 614 and determine commandsfor the smart asset tag 610B. For example, the asset management system630 may indicate that maintenance is due on the asset associated withthe smart asset tag 610B. This information may be transmitted back toone or more data foraging devices 604 in the vicinity of the smart assettag 610B, which may result in a data foraging device 604 instructing theuser interface 704 on the smart asset tag 610B to display an alert. Thismay provide visual notification to potential users of the assetassociated with the smart asset tag 610B that it is not ready for use.Alternately, the message being broadcast by the transceiver 710 of asmart asset tag 610 may be updated to broadcast an error condition.Additionally, the user interface 704 may include a means for a user toacknowledge a message such as a button, toggle, touch sensor and thelike. When a user acknowledges a message, this acknowledgement may belogged, may be broadcast by a transceiver 710 and thus sent back to theasset management system 630, and the like.

In another embodiment (FIG. 7C) a smart asset tag 610C may include atransceiver 710, a readable and writeable NFC tag 722, a low powerbattery 714 and a processor and data storage 718. The smart asset tag610C may be on an asset 620, such as a durable piece of personalprotective equipment, that uses a consumable 724, for example, abreathing apparatus may use a consumable filter, that should be replacedat periodic intervals, after a fixed period of time, after a cumulativeexposure, and the like. When the consumable 724 is replaced in an asset620, such as a durable PPE, an NFC tag on the consumable 724 may belinked to the readable/writeable NFC tag 722 on the durable piece ofequipment. This may start a timer or countdown until the next requiredreplacement of the consumable 724. Additionally, information regardingthe type of consumable 724 (e.g. the type of filter in the breathingapparatus) may become associated with that piece of equipment.

In another embodiment (FIG. 7D) a smart asset tag 610D may include atransceiver 710, an NFC tag 702, a low power battery 714, a processorand data storage 718 and one or more sensors 712. The one or moresensors 712 may provide additional information to be relayed via thetransceiver 710 or the NFC tag 702 back to the asset management system630 on the cloud server 618. In an illustrative example, for equipmentsuch as harnesses, the sensor 712 may be an accelerometer, which mayrecord a sudden change in acceleration resulting from a fall. Thisinformation may be provided to the asset management system 630 on thecloud server 618. As a result of receiving this information, the assetmanagement system 630 may mark the harness as due for maintenance or, ifa number of falls or strength of deceleration is exceeded, indicate thatit should be replaced. As a result of receiving this information, aninvestigation into the fall may be initiated. In another illustrativeexample, a safety helmet may include a smart asset tag 610D having animpact detector. Data regarding the impact may be conveyed to the dataforaging device 604 via the transceiver 710 and from the data foragingapplication 608 to the asset management system 630. If the impactexceeded a threshold force, the helmet may no longer be considered safeand be marked for replacement. In some embodiments, the beacon's messagemay be altered to include information about the asset's state such as“Helmet in need of maintenance. Do not use.” While four unique smartasset tag 610 configurations have been described, it should beunderstood that a smart asset tag may have, in addition to a transceiver710, one or more of an NFC tag 702, a user interface (UI) 704, sensors712, an acknowledgment button, a processor and data storage 718 and thelike.

In embodiments, the smart asset tags 610, associated asset managementsystem 630 and data foragers 602 may be used for tracking, in an ongoingmanner, the location and availability of various assets. If an asset 620is moved or lost, its last known location, the most recent locationwhere a data foraging device 604 received a signal from the associatedsmart asset tag 610, may be easily retrieved using the supervisoryapplication 642. The availability of various assets may be tracked aswell. The percentage of a given PPE that is located in storage (notassociated with a user and elsewhere in the facility) and within code(e.g. maintenance is up to date) may be easily determined.

In embodiments, the smart asset tags 610 may be used to promotecompliance with safety regulations for an asset. When the data forager602 or user uses a piece of protective equipment, the smart asset tag610 may direct the user to videos showing instructions regarding theproper use of the asset. The instructions may be displayed on a dataforaging device 604 in response to detecting the smart asset tag 610 onthe asset. The user may touch a device to an NFC tag on the smart assettag and access instructions in that manner.

In embodiments, the smart asset tags 610 and associated asset managementsystem 630 may be used to facilitate asset 620 compliance, maintenance,calibration, replacement, recall and the like. The locations of assets620 in need of services may be shown in the supervisory application 642.These assets 620 may be organized by due date, location grouping and thelike. As a data foraging device 604 uploads the unique item identifier614 and asset data, the asset management system 630 may cause the dataforaging device 604 to send a signal to those smart asset tags 610associated with assets 620 in need of maintenance, calibration,replacement and the like. In some embodiments, the signal may cause thetransceiver to alter the message to include information about theasset's 620 state such as “Helmet in need of maintenance. Do not use.”The signal sent to the smart asset tag 610 may cause an indicator toshow on those smart asset tags 610 having a user interface 704. Theindicator may draw a user's attention and, depending on the indicationshown, a user may be informed that the asset is not to be used, that theasset should be taken to a service location, that the user shouldcalibrate the asset prior to use and the like. In some cases, the usermay be informed that maintenance should be performed on the asset insitu. The smart asset tag 610 may begin to broadcast maintenance orcalibration instructions or the user may be able to touch a smart phoneor other device to an NFC tag and download maintenance instructions inthat manner.

In embodiments, smart asset tags 610 may be used to remotely monitorsafety conditions. For example, upon detecting hazardous gas levelsabove some threshold, a smart asset tag 610 associated with, andpossibly incorporated into the gas monitor, may scan for the presence ofa data foraging device to send data regarding the hazardous gas levelsto the asset management system 630.

In embodiments, smart asset tags 610 may be used to assure compliancewith safety requirements such as a required asset 620, such as arequired personal protective equipment (PPE), for entry into arestricted area in a facility, to work on certain equipment, and thelike. With each smart asset tag 610 broadcasting information such as aunique item identifier 614 or item type, the presence of the requiredasset 620 (e.g. PPEs) may be confirmed and the user allowed to enter thearea or start the equipment. The verification of the presence of therequired asset 620 may include verification of the appropriate type ofconsumables 724 being deployed in the required asset 620 (e.g. theconsumable 724 filter in a respirator is appropriate for the type ofgases anticipated in the restricted area). If all of the required PPEsare not identified, or if one of them is indicated as out ofmaintenance, and the like the user may be kept from entering the area orusing the piece of equipment.

As part of using the data from a plurality of smart asset tags 610 toassure the presence of required PPEs, it is important to ensure that allof the detected PPEs are being worn by a single individual. The assetmanagement system 630 may compare the relative signal strength of a userID tag and the signal strength and directional alignment of nearby smartasset tags 610. If the relative signal strength and alignment areconsistent over time, the smart asset tags may be determined to beassociated with personal protective equipment worn by the useridentified by the user ID tag. In addition to signal strength anddirection, other data from other sensors such as accelerometers,acoustic sensors, and the like may be compared and, if possible,commonalities in sensed data identified as confirmation that theplurality of smart asset tags are indeed associated with a singleindividual.

In embodiments, smart asset tags may be used to facilitate compliancewith lone worker regulations. In lone worker situations, smart assettags 610 such as those associated with a user's identification deviceand associated personal protective equipment may periodically establishcontact with one or more data foraging devices 604, requesting that an“User Name/Equipment ID is OK and at Location X” message becommunicated. These periodic updates may be part of a lone worker“check-in” system where, if “all is well” periodic messages are notreceived by the cloud server within a given time interval, an alert maybe sent to the lone worker's supervisor. At the same time the request tosend the “all is well” message is made, each contacted data foragingdevice 604 may be asked to respond to the requesting smart asset tag 610with information regarding time since the data forager's last successfulcontact with the cloud server 618. Differences in connectivity to thecloud server 618 may be dependent on location, carrier, and the like.This information may be used to rank the local data foraging devices 604on their expected connectivity to the cloud server 618. The more recentthe last successful connection the higher a given data foraging device604 may be ranked. A list of known local data foraging devices 604having possible connectivity to the Internet, cloud, cellular network,etc. may be created.

When there is an alarm associated with a lone worker, (e.g. the loneuser pushes a panic button, there is an alarm associated with a piece ofPPE associated with the lone worker such as “man down” alarm, equipmentalarms such as high gas, and the like) an alert may be sent through theknown data foraging devices 604 to the cloud server 618. The known dataforaging devices 604 may be contacted in the order of the expectedconnectivity to try to assure the fastest communication of the alert.Multiple data foraging devices 604 may communicate the data to thecloud. This may facilitate a degree of redundancy in the system suchthat when, for example, a lone worker is out of range of networkcommunication a neighboring worker or data foraging device 604 may havenetwork connectivity. The cloud server 618 may have a database or otherassociative method for identifying a human monitor assigned to the loneworker. If an alert is received the assigned monitor may be contactedeither by text, phone and the like and provided with any knowninformation on the lone worker such as location, what triggered thealarm (e.g. panic button or high gas concentration detected, and thelike), environmental data such as gas levels, and the like. The assignedmonitor may then assess the situation, coordinate response initiatives,and the like. In some embodiments, one or more users of known mobiledevices may be alerted as well.

Data Foragers 602 may be motivated to wear the data foraging devices 604using a variety of methods. It may be required as part of their jobrequirements. They may be given the opportunity to tag personal items aswell as company inventory and thus gain the benefits of the system fortheir personal items (e.g. prescription safety glasses, keys, and thelike).

In some embodiments, a beacon may be mobile and used for impactprevention. A beacon may be located on a mobile object, such as avehicle, forklift, moving equipment, moving portions of equipment (e.g.a crane) and the like. There may be a plurality of beacons positioned atdifferent locations on a moving object. A beacon may broadcast “ImpactDanger” over an area associated with the leading edge of the mobileobject when the object is in motion. Currently, there are audibleback-up alerts on some vehicles, however, these may not be effective ina high noise environment. In this example, the beacon message, “ImpactDanger,” may be received by a receiving device that may emit a warningmessage audibly, visually, haptically, or combinations thereof. Inembodiments, the beacon may be programmed with a range of relevancematching a desired impact warning distance. For example, for arelatively slow moving vehicle, the range of relevance may be small, butfor a faster object, and perhaps bigger object with that is harder tostop easily, the range of relevance may be larger. In embodiments, thebeacon may receive sensor data from a speedometer, either integral to orseparate from the beacon. For example, above a particular sensed speed,the beacon may broadcast a message with one range of relevance whilebroadcasting a message with a different range of relevance below aparticular sensed speed.

The system of beacons and receiving devices may facilitate responses tohazardous or emergency situations. Devices having the smart beaconapplication may communicate amongst themselves. In some hazardousenvironments, a piece of equipment such as a gas monitor or a user'sidentification device may periodically contact any local devices such asmobile phones, 4G tablets and the like having a cellular connection orany local device having a connection to an Internet connection,requesting that an “User Name/Equipment ID is OK and at Location X”message be communicated to a remote server. At the same time thisrequest is made, each contacted local device may be asked to respond tothe requesting device with information regarding time since the localdevice's last successful contact with the remote server. Differences inconnectivity to the server may be dependent on location, carrier, andthe like. This information may be used to rank the local devices ontheir expected connectivity to the remote server. The more recent thelast successful connection the higher the local device may be ranked. Alist of known local devices having possible connectivity to theInternet, cloud, cellular network, etc. may be created.

When a hazardous situation is detected, either through use of a panicbutton, “man down” alarm, equipment alarm such as high gas, and thelike, an alert may be sent through the known local devices to the remoteserver. The known local devices may be contacted in the order of theexpected connectivity to try to assure the fastest communication of thealert. The remote server may have a database or other associative methodfor identifying a human monitor assigned to a location. If an alert isreceived the assigned monitor may be contacted either by text, phone andthe like and provided with any known information such as user, location,what triggered the alarm (e.g. panic button or high gas concentrationdetected, and the like), environmental data such as gas levels, and thelike. The assigned monitor may then assess the situation, coordinateresponse initiatives, and the like. In some embodiments, one or moreusers of known mobile devices may be alerted as well.

In some embodiments, a gas detector may log data such as location,detected gases, gas concentrations, and user each time a new locationbeacon becomes the current site beacon. This information may becommunicated in the event of a hazardous event as part of what is sentto the human monitor.

In embodiments, the beacon may be associated with or integrated with anetwork gateway device in a particular location so that the beaconbroadcasts information and, in embodiments, responses to the informationare sent to the cloud through the gateway. For example, the beacon maybe used to broadcast that the location is a muster location, and once atthe location, check-in of individuals at the muster location may proceedby the network gateway.

The methods and systems described herein may be deployed in part or inwhole through a machine that executes computer software, program codes,and/or instructions on a processor. References to a “processor,”“processing unit,” “processing facility,” “microprocessor,”“co-processor” or the like are meant to also encompass more that one ofsuch items being used together. The present invention may be implementedas a method on the machine, as a system or apparatus as part of or inrelation to the machine, or as a computer program product embodied in acomputer readable medium executing on one or more of the machines. Theprocessor may be part of a server, client, network infrastructure,mobile computing platform, stationary computing platform, or othercomputing platform. A processor may be any kind of computational orprocessing device capable of executing program instructions, codes,binary instructions and the like. The processor may be or include asignal processor, digital processor, embedded processor, microprocessoror any variant such as a co-processor (math co-processor, graphicco-processor, communication co-processor and the like) and the like thatmay directly or indirectly facilitate execution of program code orprogram instructions stored thereon. In addition, the processor mayenable execution of multiple programs, threads, and codes. The threadsmay be executed simultaneously to enhance the performance of theprocessor and to facilitate simultaneous operations of the application.By way of implementation, methods, program codes, program instructionsand the like described herein may be implemented in one or more thread.The thread may spawn other threads that may have assigned prioritiesassociated with them; the processor may execute these threads based onpriority or any other order based on instructions provided in theprogram code. The processor may include memory that stores methods,codes, instructions and programs as described herein and elsewhere. Theprocessor may access a storage medium through an interface that maystore methods, codes, and instructions as described herein andelsewhere. The storage medium associated with the processor for storingmethods, programs, codes, program instructions or other type ofinstructions capable of being executed by the computing or processingdevice may include but may not be limited to one or more of a CD-ROM,DVD, memory, hard disk, flash drive, RAM, ROM, cache and the like.

A processor may include one or more cores that may enhance speed andperformance of a multiprocessor. In embodiments, the process may be adual core processor, quad core processors, other chip-levelmultiprocessor and the like that combine two or more independent cores(called a die).

The methods and systems described herein may be deployed in part or inwhole through a machine that executes computer software on a server,client, firewall, gateway, hub, router, or other such computer and/ornetworking hardware. The software program may be associated with aserver that may include a file server, print server, domain server,internet server, intranet server and other variants such as secondaryserver, host server, distributed server and the like. The server mayinclude one or more of memories, processors, computer readable media,storage media, ports (physical and virtual), communication devices, andinterfaces capable of accessing other servers, clients, machines, anddevices through a wired or a wireless medium, and the like. The methods,programs, or codes as described herein and elsewhere may be executed bythe server. In addition, other devices required for execution of methodsas described in this application may be considered as a part of theinfrastructure associated with the server.

The server may provide an interface to other devices including, withoutlimitation, clients, other servers, printers, database servers, printservers, file servers, communication servers, distributed servers andthe like. Additionally, this coupling and/or connection may facilitateremote execution of program across the network. The networking of someor all of these devices may facilitate parallel processing of a programor method at one or more location without deviating from the scope ofthe invention. In addition, any of the devices attached to the serverthrough an interface may include at least one storage medium capable ofstoring methods, programs, code and/or instructions. A centralrepository may provide program instructions to be executed on differentdevices. In this implementation, the remote repository may act as astorage medium for program code, instructions, and programs.

The software program may be associated with a client that may include afile client, print client, domain client, internet client, intranetclient and other variants such as secondary client, host client,distributed client and the like. The client may include one or more ofmemories, processors, computer readable media, storage media, ports(physical and virtual), communication devices, and interfaces capable ofaccessing other clients, servers, machines, and devices through a wiredor a wireless medium, and the like. The methods, programs, or codes asdescribed herein and elsewhere may be executed by the client. Inaddition, other devices required for execution of methods as describedin this application may be considered as a part of the infrastructureassociated with the client.

The client may provide an interface to other devices including, withoutlimitation, servers, other clients, printers, database servers, printservers, file servers, communication servers, distributed servers andthe like. Additionally, this coupling and/or connection may facilitateremote execution of program across the network. The networking of someor all of these devices may facilitate parallel processing of a programor method at one or more location without deviating from the scope ofthe invention. In addition, any of the devices attached to the clientthrough an interface may include at least one storage medium capable ofstoring methods, programs, applications, code and/or instructions. Acentral repository may provide program instructions to be executed ondifferent devices. In this implementation, the remote repository may actas a storage medium for program code, instructions, and programs.

The methods and systems described herein may be deployed in part or inwhole through network infrastructures. The network infrastructure mayinclude elements such as computing devices, servers, routers, hubs,firewalls, clients, personal computers, communication devices, routingdevices and other active and passive devices, modules and/or componentsas known in the art. The computing and/or non-computing device(s)associated with the network infrastructure may include, apart from othercomponents, a storage medium such as flash memory, buffer, stack, RAM,ROM and the like. The processes, methods, program codes, instructionsdescribed herein and elsewhere may be executed by one or more of thenetwork infrastructural elements.

The methods, program codes, and instructions described herein andelsewhere may be implemented on a cellular network having multiplecells. The cellular network may either be or include a frequencydivision multiple access (FDMA) network or a code division multipleaccess (CDMA) network. The cellular network may include mobile devices,cell sites, base stations, repeaters, antennas, towers, and the like.The cell network may be one or more of GSM, GPRS, 3G, EVDO, mesh, orother network types.

The methods, programs codes, and instructions described herein andelsewhere may be implemented on or through mobile devices. The mobiledevices may include navigation devices, cell phones, mobile phones,mobile personal digital assistants, laptops, palmtops, netbooks, pagers,electronic books readers, music players and the like. These devices mayinclude, apart from other components, a storage medium such as a flashmemory, buffer, RAM, ROM and one or more computing devices. Thecomputing devices associated with mobile devices may be enabled toexecute program codes, methods, and instructions stored thereon.Alternatively, the mobile devices may be configured to executeinstructions in collaboration with other devices. The mobile devices maycommunicate with base stations interfaced with servers and configured toexecute program codes. The mobile devices may communicate on apeer-to-peer network, mesh network, or other communications network. Theprogram code may be stored on the storage medium associated with theserver and executed by a computing device embedded within the server.The base station may include a computing device and a storage medium.The storage device may store program codes and instructions executed bythe computing devices associated with the base station.

The computer software, program codes, and/or instructions may be storedand/or accessed on machine readable media that may include: computercomponents, devices, and recording media that retain digital data usedfor computing for some interval of time; semiconductor storage known asrandom access memory (RAM); mass storage typically for more permanentstorage, such as optical discs, forms of magnetic storage like harddisks, tapes, drums, cards and other types; processor registers, cachememory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory; optical storage such asCD, DVD; removable media such as flash memory (e.g. USB sticks or keys),floppy disks, magnetic tape, paper tape, punch cards, standalone RAMdisks, Zip drives, removable mass storage, off-line, and the like; othercomputer memory such as dynamic memory, static memory, read/writestorage, mutable storage, read only, random access, sequential access,location addressable, file addressable, content addressable, networkattached storage, storage area network, bar codes, magnetic ink, and thelike.

The methods and systems described herein may transform physical and/oror intangible items from one state to another. The methods and systemsdescribed herein may also transform data representing physical and/orintangible items from one state to another.

The elements described and depicted herein, including in flow charts andblock diagrams throughout the figures, imply logical boundaries betweenthe elements. However, according to software or hardware engineeringpractices, the depicted elements and the functions thereof may beimplemented on machines through computer executable media having aprocessor capable of executing program instructions stored thereon as amonolithic software structure, as standalone software modules, or asmodules that employ external routines, code, services, and so forth, orany combination of these, and all such implementations may be within thescope of the present disclosure. Examples of such machines may include,but may not be limited to, personal digital assistants, laptops,personal computers, mobile phones, other handheld computing devices,medical equipment, wired or wireless communication devices, transducers,chips, calculators, satellites, tablet PCs, electronic books, gadgets,electronic devices, devices having artificial intelligence, computingdevices, networking equipment, servers, routers and the like.Furthermore, the elements depicted in the flow chart and block diagramsor any other logical component may be implemented on a machine capableof executing program instructions. Thus, while the foregoing drawingsand descriptions set forth functional aspects of the disclosed systems,no particular arrangement of software for implementing these functionalaspects should be inferred from these descriptions unless explicitlystated or otherwise clear from the context. Similarly, it will beappreciated that the various steps identified and described above may bevaried, and that the order of steps may be adapted to particularapplications of the techniques disclosed herein. All such variations andmodifications are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure.As such, the depiction and/or description of an order for various stepsshould not be understood to require a particular order of execution forthose steps, unless required by a particular application, or explicitlystated or otherwise clear from the context.

The methods and/or processes described above, and steps thereof, may berealized in hardware, software or any combination of hardware andsoftware suitable for a particular application. The hardware may includea general-purpose computer and/or dedicated computing device or specificcomputing device or particular aspect or component of a specificcomputing device. The processes may be realized in one or moremicroprocessors, microcontrollers, embedded microcontrollers,programmable digital signal processors or other programmable device,along with internal and/or external memory. The processes may also, orinstead, be embodied in an application specific integrated circuit, aprogrammable gate array, programmable array logic, or any other deviceor combination of devices that may be configured to process electronicsignals. It will further be appreciated that one or more of theprocesses may be realized as a computer executable code capable of beingexecuted on a machine-readable medium.

The computer executable code may be created using a structuredprogramming language such as C, an object oriented programming languagesuch as C++, or any other high-level or low-level programming language(including assembly languages, hardware description languages, anddatabase programming languages and technologies) that may be stored,compiled or interpreted to run on one of the above devices, as well asheterogeneous combinations of processors, processor architectures, orcombinations of different hardware and software, or any other machinecapable of executing program instructions.

Thus, in one aspect, each method described above and combinationsthereof may be embodied in computer executable code that, when executingon one or more computing devices, performs the steps thereof. In anotheraspect, the methods may be embodied in systems that perform the stepsthereof, and may be distributed across devices in a number of ways, orall of the functionality may be integrated into a dedicated, standalonedevice or other hardware. In another aspect, the means for performingthe steps associated with the processes described above may include anyof the hardware and/or software described above. All such permutationsand combinations are intended to fall within the scope of the presentdisclosure.

While the invention has been disclosed in connection with the preferredembodiments shown and described in detail, various modifications andimprovements thereon will become readily apparent to those skilled inthe art. Accordingly, the spirit and scope of the present invention isnot to be limited by the foregoing examples, but is to be understood inthe broadest sense allowable by law.

All documents referenced herein are hereby incorporated by reference.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A system, comprising: a plurality ofbeacons, wherein each beacon broadcasts a message comprisinginformational data and data regarding minimum received signal strengthfor the relevance of message, each beacon comprising: a transmitter; aprocessor; a memory; and a power source; wherein a receiving devicedetermines the relevance of a current message of a beacon of theplurality by comparing the minimum received signal strength for therelevance of the current message to the actual received signal strengthof the current message, wherein, if the actual signal strength of thecurrent message is greater than or equal to the minimum received signalstrength for the relevance of the current message, the receiving deviceis within a range of relevance of the current message and attends to theinformational data.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the minimumreceived signal strength comprises a received signal strength indicator(RSSI) or a received channel power indicator (RCPI).
 3. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the receiving device determines locally if it is withinthe range of relevance.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein at least oneof the plurality of beacons further comprises a sensor or an input portfor sensor data.
 5. The system of claim 4, wherein the informationaldata comprises the sensor data.
 6. The system of claim 4, wherein the atleast one of the plurality of beacons alters the informational databased on the sensor data.
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein thereceiving device is a mobile device.
 8. The system of claim 1, whereineach beacon is associated with one of a fixed location, a mobile assetor a second receiving device in a same location.
 9. The system of claim1, wherein each beacon broadcasts continuously.
 10. The system of claim1, wherein each beacon broadcasts periodically.
 11. The system of claim1, wherein each beacon broadcasts on a schedule.
 12. The system of claim1, wherein the plurality of beacons broadcast with a mix of periodic andscheduled broadcasts.
 13. The system of claim 1, wherein each beaconbroadcasts at least two messages sequentially.
 14. The system of claim13, wherein the at least two messages have different ranges ofrelevance.
 15. The system of claim 1, wherein each beacon broadcastsmultiple informational data in a sequence.
 16. The system of claim 1,wherein the receiving device further comprises an indicator.
 17. Thesystem of claim 16, wherein the indicator is a light, a speaker or anactuator.
 18. The system of claim 1, wherein each beacon is mobile andbroadcasts user information comprising one of user name, useridentification, user authorization or user safety equipment.
 19. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the beacon is updated using a mobile devicehaving an NFC or a BLE capability.
 20. The system of claim 1, wherein atleast one of the plurality of beacons further comprises a protectiveenclosure providing protection from dust or water.
 21. The system ofclaim 20, wherein the protective enclosure is intrinsically safe.
 22. Abeacon, comprising: a transmitter adapted to broadcast a messagecomprising informational data and data regarding a minimum receivedsignal strength for the relevance of message; and a memory, wherein whena receiving device determines the relevance of a current message of abeacon by comparing the minimum received signal strength for therelevance of the current message to the actual received signal strengthof the current message, wherein, if the actual signal strength of thecurrent message is greater than or equal to the minimum received signalstrength for the relevance of the current message, the receiving deviceis within a range of relevance of the current message and attends to theinformational data.
 23. The beacon of claim 22, wherein the beacon isassociated with a real-time sign and the message relates to informationpresented by the real-time sign.